{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:09:32Z","timestamp":1788556172898,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To test the null hypotheses that the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles are identical on the Class I and Class II sides of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective three-dimensional (3D) assessments of the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles were made in patients with Class II malocclusion. Relative to a fiducial reference at the anterior cranial base, distances from the glenoid fossae and condyles were calculated in pretreatment cone beam computed tomographic scans of 82 patients: 41 with Class II and 41 with Class II subdivision malocclusions. The 3D distances from glenoid fossae to sella turcica in the X (right-left), Y (anterior-posterior), Z (inferior-superior) projections were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with Class II malocclusion displayed a symmetric position of the glenoid fossae and condyles with no statistically significant differences between sides (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05), whereas patients with Class II subdivision showed asymmetry in the distance between the glenoid fossae and anterior cranial base or sella turcica (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05), with distally and laterally positioned glenoid fossae on the Class II side. (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). Male patients had greater distances between glenoid fossae and anterior cranial fossae (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). The condylar position relative to the glenoid fossae did not differ between the two malocclusion groups nor between males and females (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The null hypotheses were rejected. Patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion displayed asymmetrically positioned right- and left-side glenoid fossae, with a distally and laterally positioned Class II side, although the condyles were symmetrically positioned within the glenoid fossae.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/121216-890.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T09:40:07Z","timestamp":1504258807000},"page":"847-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Juliana Mac\u00eado","family":"de Mattos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Resident, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Martin","family":"Palomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Residency Director, Department of Orthodontics, and Director of the Craniofacial Imaging Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos","family":"de Oliveira Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Loureiro","family":"Cheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhal","family":"Eliliwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Quiroga","family":"Souki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"64","article-title":"Some relationships between the glenoid fossa position and various skeletal discrepancies","volume":"61","author":"Droel \n R.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Droel \n R.\n \n \n Isaacson \n RJ.\n \n \n Some relationships between the glenoid fossa position and various skeletal discrepancies. Am J Orthod. 1972;61:64\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"808","article-title":"Glenoid fossa position in class ii malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion","volume":"78","author":"Giuntini \n V.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giuntini \n V.\n \n \n Toffol \n L De.\n \n \n Franchi \n L.\n \n \n Baccetti \n T.\n \n \n Glenoid fossa position in class ii malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:808\u2013812."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"38","article-title":"Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion","volume":"93","author":"Alavi \n DG.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Alavi \n DG.\n \n \n BeGole \n EA.\n \n \n Schneider \n BJ.\n \n \n Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop.1988;93:38\u201346."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"489","article-title":"Mandibular skeletal and dental asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusions","volume":"105","author":"Rose \n JM.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rose \n JM.\n \n \n Sadowsky \n C.\n \n \n BeGole \n EA.\n \n \n Moles \n R.\n \n \n Mandibular skeletal and dental asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:489\u2013495."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"406","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in class II subdivision malocclusions","volume":"119","author":"Janson \n GRP.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Janson \n GRP.\n \n \n Metaxas \n A.\n \n \n Woodside \n DG.\n \n \n De Freitas \n MR.\n \n \n Pinzan \n A.\n \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in class II subdivision malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2001;119:406\u2013418."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"376","article-title":"Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with class II subdivision and apparent facial asymmetry and those with normal occlusion","volume":"129","author":"Azevedo \n AR.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azevedo \n AR.\n \n \n Janson \n G.\n \n \n Henriques \n JF.\n \n \n Freitas \n MR.\n \n \n Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with class II subdivision and apparent facial asymmetry and those with normal occlusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:376\u2013383."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"411","article-title":"Porion and condyle as cephalometric landmarks\u2013an error study","volume":"94","author":"Adenwalla \n ST.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Adenwalla \n ST.\n \n \n Kronman \n JH.\n \n \n Attarzadeh \n F.\n \n \n Porion and condyle as cephalometric landmarks\u2013an error study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1988;94:411\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"542.e1","article-title":"Skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"138","author":"Sanders \n DA.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanders \n DA.\n \n \n Rigali \n PH.\n \n \n Neace \n WP.\n \n \n Uribe \n F.\n \n \n Nanda \n R.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;138:542.e1\u2013542.e20."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b09","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Validity of 2D lateral cephalometry in orthodontics: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Dur\u00e3o \n AR.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dur\u00e3o \n AR.\n \n \n Pittayapat \n P.\n \n \n Rockenbach \n MIB.\n \n et al. \n Validity of 2D lateral cephalometry in orthodontics: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:31\u201341."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"57","article-title":"Evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in angle class II subdivision malocclusions with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"144","author":"Minich \n CM.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Minich \n CM.\n \n \n Ara\u00fajo \n EA.\n \n \n Behrents \n RG.\n \n \n Buschang \n PH.\n \n \n Tanaka \n OM.\n \n \n Kim \n KB.\n \n \n Evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in angle class II subdivision malocclusions with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;144:57\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"588","article-title":"Dental, skeletal asymmetries and functional characteristics in Class II subdivision malocclusions","volume":"42","author":"Li \n J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li \n J.\n \n \n He \n Y.\n \n \n Wang \n Y.\n \n et al. \n Dental, skeletal asymmetries and functional characteristics in Class II subdivision malocclusions. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:588\u2013599."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b12","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"287","article-title":"A three-dimensional evaluation of Class II subdivision malocclusion correction using Cartesian coordinates","volume":"20","author":"Cachecho \n C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cachecho \n C.\n \n \n Amberman \n BD.\n \n \n Hans \n MG.\n \n \n Palomo \n JM.\n \n \n A three-dimensional evaluation of Class II subdivision malocclusion correction using Cartesian coordinates. Semin Orthod. 2014;20:287\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Mandibular asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusion","volume":"78","author":"Kurt \n G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurt \n G.\n \n \n Uysal \n T.\n \n \n Sisman \n Y.\n \n \n Ramoglu \n SI.\n \n \n Mandibular asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:32\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"73","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"146","author":"Figueiredo \n DSF.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figueiredo \n DSF.\n \n \n Bartolomeo \n FUC.\n \n \n Romualdo \n CR.\n \n et al. \n Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2014;146:73\u201381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"418","article-title":"Shape-coordinate analysis of skeletal changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy","volume":"114","author":"Franchi \n L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Franchi \n L.\n \n \n Baccetti \n T.\n \n \n McNamara \n J.\n \n \n Shape-coordinate analysis of skeletal changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998;114:418\u2013426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in class II Division 1 subdivision patients: condylar symmetry","volume":"121","year":"2002","unstructured":"Willer Farinazzo Vitral RW, De Souza Telles C. Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in class II Division 1 subdivision patients: condylar symmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2002;121:369\u2013375."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"48","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in patients with class II division 1 subdivision malocclusions: condyle-fossa relationship","volume":"126","author":"Vitral \n RWF.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vitral \n RWF.\n \n \n Telles \n CS.\n \n \n Fraga \n MR.\n \n \n De Oliveira \n RSMF.\n \n \n Tanaka \n OM.\n \n \n Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in patients with class II division 1 subdivision malocclusions: condyle-fossa relationship. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2004;126:48\u201352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"327","article-title":"Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance","volume":"83","author":"Bock \n N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bock \n N.\n \n \n Reiser \n B.\n \n \n Ruf \n S.\n \n \n Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:327\u2013333."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"371","article-title":"Class II subdivision treatment with the forsus fatigue resistant device vs intermaxillary elastics","volume":"87","author":"Aras \n I.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aras \n I.\n \n \n Pasaoglu \n A.\n \n \n Class II subdivision treatment with the forsus fatigue resistant device vs intermaxillary elastics. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:371\u2013376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b20","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"36","article-title":"Spatial analysis of condyle position according to sagittal skeletal relationship, assessed by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"14","author":"Arieta-Miranda \n JM.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arieta-Miranda \n JM.\n \n \n Silva-Valencia \n M.\n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C.\n \n \n Paredes-Sampen \n NA.\n \n \n Arriola-Guillen \n LE.\n \n \n Spatial analysis of condyle position according to sagittal skeletal relationship, assessed by cone beam computed tomography. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:36\u201344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"410","article-title":"Asymmetry assessment using cone beam CT. A class i and class II patient comparison","volume":"82","author":"Sievers \n MM.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sievers \n MM.\n \n \n Larson \n BE.\n \n \n Gaillard \n PR.\n \n \n Wey \n A.\n \n \n Asymmetry assessment using cone beam CT. A class i and class II patient comparison. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:410\u2013417."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b22","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0121682","article-title":"Assessment of condyle and glenoid fossa morphology using CBCT in South-East Asians","volume":"10","author":"Al-Koshab \n M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Koshab \n M.\n \n \n Nambiar \n P.\n \n \n John \n J.\n \n \n Assessment of condyle and glenoid fossa morphology using CBCT in South-East Asians. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121682."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b23","series-title":"J Prosthodont","first-page":"432","article-title":"Assessment of optimal condylar position in the coronal and axial planes with limited cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"20","author":"Ikeda \n K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ikeda \n K.\n \n \n Kawamura \n A.\n \n \n Ikeda \n R.\n \n \n Assessment of optimal condylar position in the coronal and axial planes with limited cone-beam computed tomography. J Prosthodont. 2011;20:432\u2013438."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"64","article-title":"Some relationships between the glenoid fossa position and various skeletal discrepancies","volume":"61","author":"Droel \n R.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Droel \n R.\n \n \n Isaacson \n RJ.\n \n \n Some relationships between the glenoid fossa position and various skeletal discrepancies. Am J Orthod. 1972;61:64\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"808","article-title":"Glenoid fossa position in class ii malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion","volume":"78","author":"Giuntini \n V.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giuntini \n V.\n \n \n Toffol \n L De.\n \n \n Franchi \n L.\n \n \n Baccetti \n T.\n \n \n Glenoid fossa position in class ii malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:808\u2013812."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"38","article-title":"Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion","volume":"93","author":"Alavi \n DG.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Alavi \n DG.\n \n \n BeGole \n EA.\n \n \n Schneider \n BJ.\n \n \n Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop.1988;93:38\u201346."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"489","article-title":"Mandibular skeletal and dental asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusions","volume":"105","author":"Rose \n JM.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rose \n JM.\n \n \n Sadowsky \n C.\n \n \n BeGole \n EA.\n \n \n Moles \n R.\n \n \n Mandibular skeletal and dental asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:489\u2013495."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"406","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in class II subdivision malocclusions","volume":"119","author":"Janson \n GRP.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Janson \n GRP.\n \n \n Metaxas \n A.\n \n \n Woodside \n DG.\n \n \n De Freitas \n MR.\n \n \n Pinzan \n A.\n \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in class II subdivision malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2001;119:406\u2013418."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"376","article-title":"Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with class II subdivision and apparent facial asymmetry and those with normal occlusion","volume":"129","author":"Azevedo \n AR.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azevedo \n AR.\n \n \n Janson \n G.\n \n \n Henriques \n JF.\n \n \n Freitas \n MR.\n \n \n Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with class II subdivision and apparent facial asymmetry and those with normal occlusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:376\u2013383."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"411","article-title":"Porion and condyle as cephalometric landmarks\u2013an error study","volume":"94","author":"Adenwalla \n ST.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Adenwalla \n ST.\n \n \n Kronman \n JH.\n \n \n Attarzadeh \n F.\n \n \n Porion and condyle as cephalometric landmarks\u2013an error study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1988;94:411\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"542.e1","article-title":"Skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"138","author":"Sanders \n DA.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanders \n DA.\n \n \n Rigali \n PH.\n \n \n Neace \n WP.\n \n \n Uribe \n F.\n \n \n Nanda \n R.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;138:542.e1\u2013542.e20."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b09","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Validity of 2D lateral cephalometry in orthodontics: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Dur\u00e3o \n AR.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dur\u00e3o \n AR.\n \n \n Pittayapat \n P.\n \n \n Rockenbach \n MIB.\n \n et al. \n Validity of 2D lateral cephalometry in orthodontics: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:31\u201341."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"57","article-title":"Evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in angle class II subdivision malocclusions with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"144","author":"Minich \n CM.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Minich \n CM.\n \n \n Ara\u00fajo \n EA.\n \n \n Behrents \n RG.\n \n \n Buschang \n PH.\n \n \n Tanaka \n OM.\n \n \n Kim \n KB.\n \n \n Evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in angle class II subdivision malocclusions with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;144:57\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"588","article-title":"Dental, skeletal asymmetries and functional characteristics in Class II subdivision malocclusions","volume":"42","author":"Li \n J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li \n J.\n \n \n He \n Y.\n \n \n Wang \n Y.\n \n et al. \n Dental, skeletal asymmetries and functional characteristics in Class II subdivision malocclusions. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:588\u2013599."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b12","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"287","article-title":"A three-dimensional evaluation of Class II subdivision malocclusion correction using Cartesian coordinates","volume":"20","author":"Cachecho \n C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cachecho \n C.\n \n \n Amberman \n BD.\n \n \n Hans \n MG.\n \n \n Palomo \n JM.\n \n \n A three-dimensional evaluation of Class II subdivision malocclusion correction using Cartesian coordinates. Semin Orthod. 2014;20:287\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Mandibular asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusion","volume":"78","author":"Kurt \n G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurt \n G.\n \n \n Uysal \n T.\n \n \n Sisman \n Y.\n \n \n Ramoglu \n SI.\n \n \n Mandibular asymmetry in class II subdivision malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:32\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"73","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"146","author":"Figueiredo \n DSF.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figueiredo \n DSF.\n \n \n Bartolomeo \n FUC.\n \n \n Romualdo \n CR.\n \n et al. \n Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2014;146:73\u201381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"418","article-title":"Shape-coordinate analysis of skeletal changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy","volume":"114","author":"Franchi \n L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Franchi \n L.\n \n \n Baccetti \n T.\n \n \n McNamara \n J.\n \n \n Shape-coordinate analysis of skeletal changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998;114:418\u2013426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in class II Division 1 subdivision patients: condylar symmetry","volume":"121","year":"2002","unstructured":"Willer Farinazzo Vitral RW, De Souza Telles C. Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in class II Division 1 subdivision patients: condylar symmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2002;121:369\u2013375."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"48","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in patients with class II division 1 subdivision malocclusions: condyle-fossa relationship","volume":"126","author":"Vitral \n RWF.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vitral \n RWF.\n \n \n Telles \n CS.\n \n \n Fraga \n MR.\n \n \n De Oliveira \n RSMF.\n \n \n Tanaka \n OM.\n \n \n Computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint alterations in patients with class II division 1 subdivision malocclusions: condyle-fossa relationship. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2004;126:48\u201352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"327","article-title":"Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance","volume":"83","author":"Bock \n N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bock \n N.\n \n \n Reiser \n B.\n \n \n Ruf \n S.\n \n \n Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:327\u2013333."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-847-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"371","article-title":"Class II subdivision treatment with the forsus fatigue resistant device vs intermaxillary elastics","volume":"87","author":"Aras \n I.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aras \n I.\n \n \n Pasaoglu \n A.\n \n \n Class II subdivision treatment with the forsus fatigue resistant device vs intermaxillary elastics. 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