{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:12:04Z","timestamp":1747368724142,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To estimate and compare the magnitude and direction of initial displacement of the canine produced by four different canine retraction springs.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> A freshly macerated mandible was used as an experimental model. First premolars were extracted, and strap-up was done with a 0.018 inch Roth Preadjusted Edgewise System (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). The canine was subjected to loads of 4 oz, 5 oz, and 6 oz, each applied by four different canine retraction springs, that is, closed coil spring, open coil spring, PG spring, and T-loop retraction spring. The magnitude and direction of the initial displacement of the canine were studied by means of double-exposure interferometry.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The PG spring produced the highest initial displacement for a given force among the force systems used, followed by open coil, closed coil, and T-loop. Maximum tipping was observed with the open coil spring, followed by the PG spring, the closed coil spring, and the T-spring.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The T-loop may be preferred whenever minimal tipping is performed. The PG spring may be preferred over other springs whenever a higher magnitude of displacement is desired. Closed coil springs may be preferred whenever a reasonable magnitude of displacement is required and reasonable tipping is allowed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/121407-587.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T19:35:09Z","timestamp":1222284909000},"page":"368-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Holographic Analysis of the Initial Canine Displacement Produced by Four Different Retraction Springs"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Y. Mahesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, K.V.G. Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. S.","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Former Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, T.N. Government Dental College, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Dean, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, S.R.M. Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"article-title":"Bone physiology and metabolism and biomechanics in orthodontics.","author":"Roberts, W. E.","key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b1","unstructured":"Roberts, W. E.\n          \n          Bone physiology and metabolism and biomechanics in orthodontics.\n          In: Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL, eds. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo: Elsevier Inc; 2005:263\u2013275."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b2","series-title":"Int J Orthod","first-page":"567","article-title":"The theory of an incompressible periodontal membrane.","volume":"19","author":"Synge, J. C.","year":"1933","unstructured":"Synge, J. C.\n          \n          The theory of an incompressible periodontal membrane.\n          Int J Orthod\n          1933. 19:567\u2013573."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b3","series-title":"Oral Health","first-page":"105","article-title":"The elasticity of periodontal membrane.","volume":"25","author":"Dyment, M. C.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Dyment, M. C. and J. L.Synge. The elasticity of periodontal membrane.Oral Health1935. 25:105\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b4","series-title":"Int Engineer Sci","first-page":"1093","article-title":"An analysis of stresses in a model of the periodontal ligament.","volume":"10","author":"Haack, C. D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Haack, C. D. and E. E.Heft. An analysis of stresses in a model of the periodontal ligament.Int Engineer Sci1972. 10:1093\u20131106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of initial tooth displacement, center of resistance, and center of rotation under the influence of an orthodontic force.","volume":"120","author":"Yoshida, N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yoshida, N., P. G. J.Brinkmann, P.Doz, Y.Koga, N.Mimaki, and K.Kobayashi. Experimental evaluation of initial tooth displacement, center of resistance, and center of rotation under the influence of an orthodontic force.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 120:190\u2013197."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"498","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress in the periodontal ligament of the maxillary first molar with simulated bone loss.","volume":"119","author":"Jeon, D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jeon, D., K. T.Patrick, and K.Ting. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress in the periodontal ligament of the maxillary first molar with simulated bone loss.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 119:498\u2013504."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b7","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"21","article-title":"Initial stress produced in the periodontal membrane by orthodontic loads in the presence of various loss of alveolar bone: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.","volume":"124","author":"Geramy, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Geramy, A.\n          \n          Initial stress produced in the periodontal membrane by orthodontic loads in the presence of various loss of alveolar bone: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.\n          Eur J Orthod\n          2002. 124:21\u201323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Holographic measurement of incisor extrusion.","volume":"82","author":"Burstone, C. J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Burstone, C. J., T. W.Every, and R. J.Pryputniewicz. Holographic measurement of incisor extrusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1982. 82:1\u20139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b9","series-title":"J Periodont","first-page":"283","article-title":"Holographic measurement of tooth mobility in three dimensions.","volume":"13","author":"Burstone, C. J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Burstone, C. J., R. J.Pryputniewicz, and W. W.Bowley. Holographic measurement of tooth mobility in three dimensions.J Periodont1978. 13:283\u2013294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"29","article-title":"Experimental determination of the center of resistance of the upper first molar in a macerated, dry human skull submitted to horizontal headgear traction.","volume":"90","author":"Dermaut, L. R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dermaut, L. R., J. P. J.Kleutghen, and H. J. J.De Clerck. Experimental determination of the center of resistance of the upper first molar in a macerated, dry human skull submitted to horizontal headgear traction.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1986. 90:29\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"296","article-title":"Effects of Class II elastic force on a dry skull measured by holographic interferometry.","volume":"79","author":"Dermaut, L. R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dermaut, L. R.\n          \n          Effects of Class II elastic force on a dry skull measured by holographic interferometry.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1981. 79:296\u2013304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"251","article-title":"Evaluation of intrusive mechanics of the type \u201csegmented arch\u201d on a macerated human skull using the laser reflection technique and holographic interferometry.","volume":"89","author":"Dermaut, L. R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dermaut, L. R. and M.Vanden Bulcke. Evaluation of intrusive mechanics of the type \u201csegmented arch\u201d on a macerated human skull using the laser reflection technique and holographic interferometry.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1986. 89:251\u2013302."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"211","article-title":"The center of resistance of anterior teeth during intrusion using the laser reflection technique and holographic interferometry.","volume":"90","author":"Vanden Bulcke, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vanden Bulcke, M., L.Dermaut, R.Sachdeva, and C. J.Burstone. The center of resistance of anterior teeth during intrusion using the laser reflection technique and holographic interferometry.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1986. 90:211\u2013219."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"263","article-title":"Location of the centre of resistance of the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex.","volume":"23","author":"Billiet, T.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Billiet, T., G.de Pauw, and L. R.Dermaut. Location of the centre of resistance of the upper dentition and the nasomaxillary complex.Eur J Orthod2001. 23:263\u2013273."},{"article-title":"Tissue reactions in orthodontics.","author":"Thilander, B.","key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b15","unstructured":"Thilander, B., P.Rygh, and K.Reitan. Tissue reactions in orthodontics.In: Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL, eds. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo: Elsevier Inc; 2005:174\u2013178."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"426","article-title":"Material parameters and stress profiles within periodontal ligament.","volume":"99","author":"Andersen, K. L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Andersen, K. L., E. H.Pedersen, and B.Melsen. Material parameters and stress profiles within periodontal ligament.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1991. 99:426\u2013438."},{"article-title":"Holographic Interferometry.","author":"Vest, C. M.","key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b17","unstructured":"Vest, C. M.\n          \n          Holographic Interferometry.\n          New York, NY: John Wiley and Son; 1979:66\u201372."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"142","article-title":"Growth and remodeling of bone and bones.","volume":"62","author":"Storey, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Storey, E.\n          \n          Growth and remodeling of bone and bones.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1972. 62:142\u2013165."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"292","article-title":"The nature of tooth movement.","volume":"63","author":"Storey, E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Storey, E.\n          \n          The nature of tooth movement.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1973. 63:292\u2013314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"353","article-title":"Biomechanical design and clinical design: evaluation of new canine retraction spring.","volume":"87","author":"Gjessing, P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gjessing, P.\n          \n          Biomechanical design and clinical design: evaluation of new canine retraction spring.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1985. 87:353\u2013362."},{"article-title":"Segmented Arch Technique.","author":"Burstone, C. J.","key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0368-b21","unstructured":"Burstone, C. J.\n          \n          Segmented Arch Technique.\n          Farmington, Conn: Ormco Corporation; 1984:59\u201367."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/2\/368\/1387820\/121407-587_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p368.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:46:38Z","timestamp":1747356398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p368.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/121407-587.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-3219"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1945-7103"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}