{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:00:00Z","timestamp":1785852000732,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To analyze the treatment effects of corticotomy-assisted maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and Class III elastics in patients with Class III malocclusions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study group consisted of 19 patients with a mean age of 13.12 \u00b1 1.28\u00a0years. Initially, patients were monitored for 5\u00a0months before treatment to evaluate growth changes. Changes during control, protraction and fixed orthodontic treatment periods were compared with the cephalometric radiographs taken initially, before protraction, after protraction, and after fixed orthodontic treatment. Treatment outcomes also were compared with the growth effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Sagittal measurements of maxilla showed significant improvements (3.59 \u00b1 1.32\u00a0mm) during the protraction period (3.85 \u00b1 1.12\u00a0months) whereas no significant changes were seen during the control period. Upper and lower incisor inclinations were increased, and the upper occlusal plane angle showed significant counterclockwise rotation during protraction. Significant soft-tissue changes also reflected the underlying skeletal changes. Maxillary advancement was stable during fixed orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Compared with control period of the patients, this protocol produced significant improvements in skeletal and soft-tissue structures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/121513-921.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T08:27:06Z","timestamp":1402388826000},"page":"48-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Corticotomy-assisted maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and Class III elastics"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hanife Nuray","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Garip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulin","family":"Satilmis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Anesthesiologist, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazan","family":"Kucukkeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children","volume":"108","author":"Baik\n HS.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baik\n HS. \n \n Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 108: 583\u2013 592."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy","volume":"113","author":"Bacetti\n T,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bacetti\n T, \n \n McGill\n JS, \n \n Franchi\n L, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr, \n \n Tollaro\n I. \n \n Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 113: 333\u2013 343."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"349","article-title":"Managing the developing Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"122","author":"Turley\n PK.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Turley\n PK. \n \n Managing the developing Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002; 122: 349\u2013 352."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups","volume":"73","author":"Cha\n KS.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cha\n KS. \n \n Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73: 26\u2013 35."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"675","article-title":"The effectiveness of protraction facemask therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Kim\n JH,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim\n JH, \n \n Viana\n MA, \n \n Graber\n TM, \n \n Omerza\n FF, \n \n BeGole\n EA. \n \n The effectiveness of protraction facemask therapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999; 115: 675\u2013 685."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Cephalometric variables predicting the long- term success or failure of combined rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy","volume":"126","author":"Baccetti\n T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T, \n \n Franchi\n L, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr. \n \n Cephalometric variables predicting the long- term success or failure of combined rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004; 126: 16\u2013 22."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b07","series-title":"The Psychological Implications of Malocclusion [thesis]","author":"Graber\n LW.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Graber\n LW. \n \n The Psychological Implications of Malocclusion [thesis]. Ann Arbor: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan; 1980."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b08","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","first-page":"583","article-title":"An evaluation of the psychological and social effects of malocclusion: some implications for dental policy making","volume":"28","author":"Kenealy\n P,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kenealy\n P, \n \n Frude\n N, \n \n Shaw\n W. \n \n An evaluation of the psychological and social effects of malocclusion: some implications for dental policy making. Soc Sci Med. 1989; 28: 583\u2013 591."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"Osseointegrated implants as an adjunct to facemask therapy: a case report","volume":"70","author":"Singer\n SL,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Singer\n SL, \n \n Henry\n PJ, \n \n Rosenberg\n I. \n \n Osseointegrated implants as an adjunct to facemask therapy: a case report. Angle Orthod. 2000; 70: 253\u2013 262."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"571","article-title":"Facemask therapy with rigid anchorage in a patient with maxillary hypoplasia and severe oligodontia","volume":"123","author":"Enacar\n A,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Enacar\n A, \n \n Giray\n B, \n \n Pehlivanoglu\n M, \n \n Iplikcioglu\n H. \n \n Facemask therapy with rigid anchorage in a patient with maxillary hypoplasia and severe oligodontia. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123: 571\u2013 577."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"453","article-title":"Use of onplants as stable anchorage for facemask treatment: a case report","volume":"75","author":"Hong\n H,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hong\n H, \n \n Ngan\n P, \n \n Han\n G, \n \n Qi\n LG, \n \n Wei\n SH. \n \n Use of onplants as stable anchorage for facemask treatment: a case report. Angle Orthod. 2005; 75: 453\u2013 460."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"440","article-title":"Midfacial protraction with skeletally anchored face mask therapy: a novel approach and preliminary results","volume":"133","author":"Kircelli\n BH,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kircelli\n BH, \n \n Pektas\n ZO. \n \n Midfacial protraction with skeletally anchored face mask therapy: a novel approach and preliminary results. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133: 440\u2013 449."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck\n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck\n H, \n \n Cevidanes\n L, \n \n Baccetti\n T. \n \n Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010; 138: 577\u2013 581."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b14","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"951","article-title":"Maxillary distraction: aesthetic and functional benefits in cleft lip-palate and prognathic patients during mixed dentition","volume":"101","author":"Molina\n F,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Molina\n F, \n \n Ortiz Monasterio\n F, \n \n de la Paz Aguilar\n M, \n \n Barrera\n J. \n \n Maxillary distraction: aesthetic and functional benefits in cleft lip-palate and prognathic patients during mixed dentition. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 101: 951\u2013 963."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b15","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"9","article-title":"Surgically-assisted orthopedic protraction of the maxilla in cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"28","author":"Rachmiel\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rachmiel\n A, \n \n Aizenbud\n D, \n \n Ardekian\n L, \n \n Peled\n M, \n \n Laufer\n D. \n \n Surgically-assisted orthopedic protraction of the maxilla in cleft lip and palate patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999; 28: 9\u2013 14."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion compared to surgery for assistance in maxillary face mask protraction","volume":"81","author":"Kucukkeles\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kucukkeles\n N, \n \n Nevzatoglu\n S, \n \n Koldas\n T. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion compared to surgery for assistance in maxillary face mask protraction. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81: 42\u2013 49."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"151","article-title":"Treatment response to maxillary expansion and protraction","volume":"18","author":"Ngan\n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ngan\n P, \n \n H\u00e4gg\n U, \n \n Yiu\n C, \n \n Merwin\n D, \n \n Wei\n SH. \n \n Treatment response to maxillary expansion and protraction. Eur J Orthod. 1996; 18: 151\u2013 168."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"38","article-title":"Soft tissue and dentoskeletal profile changes associated with maxillary expansion and protraction headgear treatment","volume":"109","author":"Ngan\n P,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ngan\n P, \n \n H\u00e4gg\n U, \n \n Yiu\n C, \n \n Merwin\n D, \n \n Wei\n SH. \n \n Soft tissue and dentoskeletal profile changes associated with maxillary expansion and protraction headgear treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109: 38\u2013 49."},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"angl-86-05-04-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Systematic review of the experimental use of temporary skeletal anchorage devices in orthodontics","volume":"131","author":"Cornelis\n MA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cornelis\n MA, \n \n Scheffler\n NR, \n \n De Clerck\n HJ, \n \n Tulloch\n JF, \n \n Behets\n CN. \n \n Systematic review of the experimental use of temporary skeletal anchorage devices in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007; 131( (4 suppl)): S52\u2013 S58."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"373","article-title":"Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage","volume":"124","author":"Miyawaki\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miyawaki\n S, \n \n Koyama\n I, \n \n Inoue\n M, \n \n Mishima\n K, \n \n Sugahara\n T, \n \n Takano-Yamamoto\n T. \n \n Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage. 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J Pediatr Psychol. 1997; 22: 471\u2013 485."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b23","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"75","article-title":"Nicknames, teasing, harassment and the salience of dental features among school children","volume":"7","author":"Shaw\n WC,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shaw\n WC, \n \n Meek\n SC, \n \n Jones\n DS. \n \n Nicknames, teasing, harassment and the salience of dental features among school children. Br J Orthod. 1980; 7: 75\u2013 80."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"102","article-title":"Considerations for orthognathic surgery during growth, part 2: maxillary deformities","volume":"119","author":"Wolford\n LM,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wolford\n LM, \n \n Karras\n SC, \n \n Mehra\n P. \n \n Considerations for orthognathic surgery during growth, part 2: maxillary deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001; 119: 102\u2013 105."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b25","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"14","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cleft maxillary osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Cheung\n LK,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheung\n LK, \n \n Chua\n HD. \n \n A meta-analysis of cleft maxillary osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006; 35: 14\u2013 24."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"636","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of maxillary protraction with or without skeletal anchorage","volume":"139","author":"Sar\n C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sar\n C, \n \n Arman-\u00d6zc\u0131rp\u0131c\u0131\n A, \n \n Uckan\n S, \n \n Yaz\u0131c\u0131\n AC. \n \n Comparative evaluation of maxillary protraction with or without skeletal anchorage. 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Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2001: 375\u2013 411."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen\n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen\n T, \n \n Cevidanes\n L, \n \n Cornelis\n MA, \n \n Heymann\n G, \n \n de Paula\n LK, \n \n De Clerck\n H. \n \n Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 140: 790\u2013 798."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children","volume":"108","author":"Baik\n HS.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baik\n HS. \n \n Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 108: 583\u2013 592."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy","volume":"113","author":"Bacetti\n T,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bacetti\n T, \n \n McGill\n JS, \n \n Franchi\n L, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr, \n \n Tollaro\n I. \n \n Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 113: 333\u2013 343."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"349","article-title":"Managing the developing Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"122","author":"Turley\n PK.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Turley\n PK. \n \n Managing the developing Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002; 122: 349\u2013 352."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups","volume":"73","author":"Cha\n KS.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cha\n KS. \n \n Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups. 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Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998; 101: 951\u2013 963."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b15","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"9","article-title":"Surgically-assisted orthopedic protraction of the maxilla in cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"28","author":"Rachmiel\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rachmiel\n A, \n \n Aizenbud\n D, \n \n Ardekian\n L, \n \n Peled\n M, \n \n Laufer\n D. \n \n Surgically-assisted orthopedic protraction of the maxilla in cleft lip and palate patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999; 28: 9\u2013 14."},{"key":"angl-86-05-04-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion compared to surgery for assistance in maxillary face mask protraction","volume":"81","author":"Kucukkeles\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kucukkeles\n N, \n \n Nevzatoglu\n S, \n \n Koldas\n T. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion compared to surgery for assistance in maxillary face mask protraction. 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