{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:45Z","timestamp":1780067205237,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine retrospectively the short-term effects of a compliance-free skeletal Class III corrector (NET3-corrector) compared to rapid maxillary expansion-facemask (RME-FM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Records of 20 skeletal Class III patients treated with the NET3-corrector were compared to 20 patients treated with RME-FM, mean age: 11.14 \u00b1 1.17 years and 11.14 \u00b1 2.06, respectively. The NET3-corrector consisted of a hybrid-expander, a lower lingual arch, and a modified PowerScope spring. The RME-FM group received an RME-facemask combination. T2 records were collected when an overjet of at least 2 mm was achieved. Differences between two timepoints within groups and differences between groups were tested using paired samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test and independent samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The treatment time was 10.5 months with NET3-corrector and 12 months with RME-FM. The NET3-corrector was well tolerated by patients and the Class III malocclusion was corrected in all patients in both groups. The overall maxillary skeletal change was greater with the NET3-corrector, with an additional 2\u00b0 advancement at SNA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Significant differences in maxillary incisor angulation were observed in the RME-FM group in comparison to NET3 (\u22120.37 \u00b1 3.31 vs 4.96 \u00b1 3.80;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). The mandibular molars tipped significantly more distally in the NET3 group (7.3\u00b0 more;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The compliance-free tooth-bone-borne NET3-corrector, is effective in correcting Class III malocclusion with improved maxillary skeletal outcomes compared to RME-FM in the short term. These results need to be evaluated in the long term with a randomized sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/121823-842.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T19:02:33Z","timestamp":1739473353000},"page":"274-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Skeletal and dental effects of a new compliance-free appliance, the NET3 corrector, in management of skeletal Class III malocclusion compared to rapid maxillary expansion-facemask"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Nour Eldin","family":"Tarraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayse Tuba","family":"Altug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerem","family":"Dalci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ali","family":"Darendeliler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyku","family":"Dalci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b01","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Early timely treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"11","author":"Ngan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ngan P. Early timely treatment of Class III malocclusion. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:140\u2013145."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"88","article-title":"Objective assessment of compliance with intra- and extraoral removable appliances","volume":"87","author":"Arreghini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arreghini A,\nTrigila S,\nLombardo L,\nSiciliani G. Objective assessment of compliance with intra- and extraoral removable appliances. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(1):88\u201395."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"533","article-title":"Wear-time recording during early Class III facemask treatment using TheraMon chip technology","volume":"150","author":"Stocker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stocker B,\nWillmann JH,\nWilmes B,\nVasudavan S,\nDrescher D. Wear-time recording during early Class III facemask treatment using TheraMon chip technology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150(3):533\u2013540."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"204","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups","volume":"113","author":"Kapust","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kapust AJ,\nSinclair PM,\nTurley PK. Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113(2):204\u2013212."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck H,\nCevidanes L,\nBaccetti T. Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):577\u2013581."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b06","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"323","article-title":"Application and effectiveness of a mini-implant- and tooth-borne rapid palatal expansion device: the hybrid hyrax","volume":"11","author":"Wilmes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilmes B,\nNienkemper M,\nDrescher D. Application and effectiveness of a mini-implant- and tooth-borne rapid palatal expansion device: the hybrid hyrax. World J Orthod. 2010;11(4):323\u2013330."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b07","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"5","article-title":"Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination","volume":"14","author":"Nienkemper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nienkemper M,\nWilmes B,\nPauls A,\nDrescher D. Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:5."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b08","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"A novel method for treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients","volume":"18","author":"Al-Mozany","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Mozany SA,\nDalci O,\nAlmuzian M,\nGonzalez C,\nTarraf NE,\nAli Darendeliler M. A novel method for treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):40."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b09","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask","volume":"24","author":"Tarraf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tarraf NE,\nDalci O,\nDalci K,\nAltug AT,\nDarendeliler MA. A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask. Prog Orthod. 2023;24(1):3."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"Treatment effect of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in growing patients compared to controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Cornelis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornelis MA,\nTepedino M,\nRiis NV,\nNiu X,\nCattaneo PM. Treatment effect of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in growing patients compared to controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2021;43(1):51\u201368."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b11","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"121","article-title":"A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions","volume":"42","author":"Liou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liou EJ,\nTsai WC. A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42(2):121\u2013127."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b12","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effectiveness of reverse twin block with lip pads-RME and face mask with RME in the early treatment of class III malocclusion","volume":"20","author":"Minase","year":"2019","unstructured":"Minase RA,\nBhad WA,\nDoshi UH. Effectiveness of reverse twin block with lip pads-RME and face mask with RME in the early treatment of class III malocclusion. Prog Orthod. 2019;20(1):14."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"692","article-title":"Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus FRD: Controlled clinical trial","volume":"88","author":"Eissa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eissa O,\nElShennawy M,\nGaballah S,\nElMehy G,\nEl-Bialy T. Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus FRD: Controlled clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(6):692\u2013701."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b14","series-title":"Contemp Clin Dent","first-page":"221","article-title":"PowerScope a Class II corrector - A case report","volume":"7","author":"Paulose","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paulose J,\nAntony PJ,\nSureshkumar B,\nGeorge SM,\nMathew MM,\nSebastian J. PowerScope a Class II corrector - A case report. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016;7(2):221\u2013225."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy","volume":"113","author":"Baccetti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baccetti T,\nMcGill JS,\nFranchi L,\nMcNamara JA,Jr.,\nTollaro I. Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113(3):333\u2013343."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases","volume":"32","author":"Isci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isci D,\nTurk T,\nElekdag-Turk S. Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(6):706\u2013715."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b17","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"176","article-title":"Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Mandall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandall NA,\nCousley R,\nDiBiase A, et al. Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2012;39(3):176\u2013185."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"28","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Woon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woon SC,\nThiruvenkatachari B. Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151(1):28\u201352."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b19","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Comparison of two maxillary protraction protocols: tooth-borne versus bone-anchored protraction facemask treatment","volume":"16","author":"Ngan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngan P,\nWilmes B,\nDrescher D,\nMartin C,\nWeaver B,\nGunel E. Comparison of two maxillary protraction protocols: tooth-borne versus bone-anchored protraction facemask treatment. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:26."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b20","series-title":"J Taiwan Assoc Orthod","first-page":"5","article-title":"Dentofacial changes of combined double-hinged rapid maxillary expansion and protraction facemask therapy","volume":"20","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsai WC,\nHuang CS,\nLin CT,\nLiou EJ. Dentofacial changes of combined double-hinged rapid maxillary expansion and protraction facemask therapy. J Taiwan Assoc Orthod. 2008; 20(2):5\u201318."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b21","series-title":"R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"27","article-title":"Interview with Eric Liou","volume":"14","author":"Liou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liou E. Interview with Eric Liou. R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2009;14:27\u201337."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"221","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of late maxillary orthopedic advancement with the Liou-Alternate rapid maxillary expansion-constriction technique in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"160","author":"Meazzini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meazzini MC,\nTorre C,\nCappello A,\nTintinelli R,\nDe Ponti E,\nMazzoleni F. Long-term follow-up of late maxillary orthopedic advancement with the Liou-Alternate rapid maxillary expansion-constriction technique in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;160(2):221\u2013230."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b23","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"Early Class III treatment with Hybrid-Hyrax - Facemask in comparison to Hybrid-Hyrax-Mentoplate - skeletal and dental outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Willmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Willmann JH,\nNienkemper M,\nTarraf NE,\nWilmes B,\nDrescher D. Early Class III treatment with Hybrid-Hyrax - Facemask in comparison to Hybrid-Hyrax-Mentoplate - skeletal and dental outcomes. Prog Orthod. 2018;19(1):42."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b24","series-title":"Head Face Med","first-page":"14","article-title":"Influence of interradicular and palatal placement of orthodontic mini-implants on the success (survival) rate","volume":"13","author":"Hourfar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hourfar J,\nBister D,\nKanavakis G,\nLisson JA,\nLudwig B. Influence of interradicular and palatal placement of orthodontic mini-implants on the success (survival) rate. Head Face Med. 2017;13(1):14."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"371","article-title":"Class II subdivision treatment with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device vs intermaxillary elastics","volume":"87","author":"Aras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aras I,\nPasaoglu A. Class II subdivision treatment with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device vs intermaxillary elastics. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(3):371\u2013376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b01","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Early timely treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"11","author":"Ngan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ngan P. Early timely treatment of Class III malocclusion. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:140\u2013145."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"88","article-title":"Objective assessment of compliance with intra- and extraoral removable appliances","volume":"87","author":"Arreghini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arreghini A,\nTrigila S,\nLombardo L,\nSiciliani G. Objective assessment of compliance with intra- and extraoral removable appliances. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(1):88\u201395."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"533","article-title":"Wear-time recording during early Class III facemask treatment using TheraMon chip technology","volume":"150","author":"Stocker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stocker B,\nWillmann JH,\nWilmes B,\nVasudavan S,\nDrescher D. Wear-time recording during early Class III facemask treatment using TheraMon chip technology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150(3):533\u2013540."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"204","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups","volume":"113","author":"Kapust","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kapust AJ,\nSinclair PM,\nTurley PK. Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113(2):204\u2013212."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck H,\nCevidanes L,\nBaccetti T. Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):577\u2013581."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b06","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"323","article-title":"Application and effectiveness of a mini-implant- and tooth-borne rapid palatal expansion device: the hybrid hyrax","volume":"11","author":"Wilmes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilmes B,\nNienkemper M,\nDrescher D. Application and effectiveness of a mini-implant- and tooth-borne rapid palatal expansion device: the hybrid hyrax. World J Orthod. 2010;11(4):323\u2013330."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b07","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"5","article-title":"Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination","volume":"14","author":"Nienkemper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nienkemper M,\nWilmes B,\nPauls A,\nDrescher D. Maxillary protraction using a hybrid hyrax-facemask combination. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:5."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b08","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"A novel method for treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients","volume":"18","author":"Al-Mozany","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Mozany SA,\nDalci O,\nAlmuzian M,\nGonzalez C,\nTarraf NE,\nAli Darendeliler M. A novel method for treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):40."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b09","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask","volume":"24","author":"Tarraf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tarraf NE,\nDalci O,\nDalci K,\nAltug AT,\nDarendeliler MA. A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask. Prog Orthod. 2023;24(1):3."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"Treatment effect of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in growing patients compared to controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Cornelis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornelis MA,\nTepedino M,\nRiis NV,\nNiu X,\nCattaneo PM. Treatment effect of bone-anchored maxillary protraction in growing patients compared to controls: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2021;43(1):51\u201368."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b11","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"121","article-title":"A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions","volume":"42","author":"Liou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liou EJ,\nTsai WC. A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42(2):121\u2013127."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b12","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effectiveness of reverse twin block with lip pads-RME and face mask with RME in the early treatment of class III malocclusion","volume":"20","author":"Minase","year":"2019","unstructured":"Minase RA,\nBhad WA,\nDoshi UH. Effectiveness of reverse twin block with lip pads-RME and face mask with RME in the early treatment of class III malocclusion. Prog Orthod. 2019;20(1):14."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"692","article-title":"Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus FRD: Controlled clinical trial","volume":"88","author":"Eissa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eissa O,\nElShennawy M,\nGaballah S,\nElMehy G,\nEl-Bialy T. Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniscrew-anchored inverted Forsus FRD: Controlled clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(6):692\u2013701."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b14","series-title":"Contemp Clin Dent","first-page":"221","article-title":"PowerScope a Class II corrector - A case report","volume":"7","author":"Paulose","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paulose J,\nAntony PJ,\nSureshkumar B,\nGeorge SM,\nMathew MM,\nSebastian J. PowerScope a Class II corrector - A case report. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016;7(2):221\u2013225."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy","volume":"113","author":"Baccetti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baccetti T,\nMcGill JS,\nFranchi L,\nMcNamara JA,Jr.,\nTollaro I. Skeletal effects of early treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion and face-mask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113(3):333\u2013343."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases","volume":"32","author":"Isci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isci D,\nTurk T,\nElekdag-Turk S. Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(6):706\u2013715."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b17","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"176","article-title":"Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Mandall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandall NA,\nCousley R,\nDiBiase A, et al. Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2012;39(3):176\u2013185."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"28","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Woon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woon SC,\nThiruvenkatachari B. Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151(1):28\u201352."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b19","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Comparison of two maxillary protraction protocols: tooth-borne versus bone-anchored protraction facemask treatment","volume":"16","author":"Ngan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngan P,\nWilmes B,\nDrescher D,\nMartin C,\nWeaver B,\nGunel E. Comparison of two maxillary protraction protocols: tooth-borne versus bone-anchored protraction facemask treatment. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:26."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b20","series-title":"J Taiwan Assoc Orthod","first-page":"5","article-title":"Dentofacial changes of combined double-hinged rapid maxillary expansion and protraction facemask therapy","volume":"20","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsai WC,\nHuang CS,\nLin CT,\nLiou EJ. Dentofacial changes of combined double-hinged rapid maxillary expansion and protraction facemask therapy. J Taiwan Assoc Orthod. 2008; 20(2):5\u201318."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b21","series-title":"R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"27","article-title":"Interview with Eric Liou","volume":"14","author":"Liou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liou E. Interview with Eric Liou. R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2009;14:27\u201337."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-3-274-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"221","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of late maxillary orthopedic advancement with the Liou-Alternate rapid maxillary expansion-constriction technique in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"160","author":"Meazzini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meazzini MC,\nTorre C,\nCappello A,\nTintinelli R,\nDe Ponti E,\nMazzoleni F. 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