{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:54:34Z","timestamp":1789998874620,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the predictability of arch expansion using Invisalign.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sixty-four adult white patients were selected to be part of this retrospective study. Pre- and posttreatment digital models created from an iTero scan were obtained from a single orthodontist practitioner. Digital models from Clincheck were also obtained from Align Technology. Linear values of upper and lower arch widths were measured for canines, premolars, and first molars at two different points: lingual gingival margins and cusp tips. A paired\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -test was used to compare expansion planned on Clincheck with the posttreatment measurements. Variance ratio tests were used to determine if a larger change planned was associated with larger error.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    For every maxillary measurement, there was a statistically significant difference between Clincheck and final outcome (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), with prediction worsening toward the posterior region of the arch. For the lower arch measurements at the gingival margin, there was a statistically significant difference between the Clincheck planned expansion and the final outcome (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). Points measured at the cusp tips of the lower arch teeth showed nonstatistically significant differences between Clincheck prediction and the final outcome (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .05). Variance ratios for upper and lower arches were significant (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean accuracy of expansion planned with Invisalign for the maxilla was 72.8%. The lower arch presented an overall accuracy of 87.7%. Clincheck overestimates expansion by body movement; more tipping is observed. Overcorrection of expansion in the posterior region of the maxillary arch seems appropriate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/122115-875.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T13:58:51Z","timestamp":1465999131000},"page":"19-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["The predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Houle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Orthodontic Resident, Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Piedade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynaldo","family":"Todescan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio H. S. L","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b01","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1724","article-title":"The treatment effects of Invisalign orthodontic aligners: a systematic review","volume":"136","author":"Lagravere \n              MO,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lagravere \n              MO, \n            \n            \n              Flores-Mir \n              C. \n            \n          \n          The treatment effects of Invisalign orthodontic aligners: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136:1724\u20131729."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b02","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"254","article-title":"Invisalign, an innovative invisible orthodontic appliance to correct malocclusions: advantages and limitations","volume":"39","author":"Ali \n              SA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ali \n              SA, \n            \n            \n              Miethke \n              HR. \n            \n          \n          Invisalign, an innovative invisible orthodontic appliance to correct malocclusions: advantages and limitations. Dent Update. 2012;39:254\u2013256, 258\u2013260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b03","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"41","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of a mildly crowded malocclusion using the Invisalign system","volume":"17","author":"Vlaskalic \n              V,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vlaskalic \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Boyd \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Orthodontic treatment of a mildly crowded malocclusion using the Invisalign system. Aust Orthod J. 2001;17:41\u201346."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b04","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"213","article-title":"Invisible orthodontics part 1: Invisalign","volume":"207\u2013210","author":"Malik \n              OH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malik \n              OH, \n            \n            \n              McMullin \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Waring \n              DT. \n            \n          \n          Invisible orthodontics part 1: Invisalign. Dent Update. 2013;40:203\u2013204,207\u2013210, 213\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"515","article-title":"Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index","volume":"133","author":"Krishnan \n              V,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krishnan \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Daniel \n              ST, \n            \n            \n              Lazar \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Asok \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:515\u2013523."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"305","article-title":"Arch width and form: a review","volume":"115","author":"Lee \n              RT.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee \n              RT. \n            \n          \n          Arch width and form: a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:305\u2013313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310","article-title":"A new approach to correction of crowding","volume":"122","author":"Womack \n              WR,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Womack \n              WR, \n            \n            \n              Ahn \n              JH, \n            \n            \n              Ammari \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Castillo \n              A. \n            \n          \n          A new approach to correction of crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:310\u2013316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b08","series-title":"Orthodontics (Chic.)","first-page":"122","article-title":"Unilateral canine crossbite correction in adults using the Invisalign method: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Giancotti \n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giancotti \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Mampieri \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Unilateral canine crossbite correction in adults using the Invisalign method: a case report. Orthodontics (Chic.). 2012;13:122\u2013127."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b09","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"365","article-title":"Invisalign\u00ae treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?","volume":"73","author":"Krieger \n              E,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krieger \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Seiferth \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Marinello \n              I, \n            \n            et al. \n          Invisalign\u00ae treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?\n          J Orofac Orthop. 2012;73:365\u2013376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"27","article-title":"How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign","volume":"135","author":"Kravitz \n              ND,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kravitz \n              ND, \n            \n            \n              Kusnoto \n              B, \n            \n            \n              BeGole \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Obrez \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Agran \n              B. \n            \n          \n          How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:27\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b11","series-title":"The Invisalign System","author":"Tuncay \n              OC.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tuncay \n              OC. \n            \n          \n          The Invisalign System. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence;2006."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"464","article-title":"Evaluation of dental arch width and form changes after orthodontic treatment and retention with a new computerized method","volume":"126","author":"Taner \n              TU,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taner \n              TU, \n            \n            \n              Ciger \n              S, \n            \n            \n              El \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Germe\u00e7 \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Es \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of dental arch width and form changes after orthodontic treatment and retention with a new computerized method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:464\u2013475."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b13","series-title":"Swed Dent J Suppl","first-page":"99","article-title":"A comparison of the reliability of measurement of cephalometric radiographs by tracings and direct digitization","volume":"15","author":"Houston \n              WJ.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Houston \n              WJ. \n            \n          \n          A comparison of the reliability of measurement of cephalometric radiographs by tracings and direct digitization. Swed Dent J Suppl. 1982;15:99\u2013103."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b14","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"271","article-title":"The problem of analysing the relationship between change and initial value in oral health research","volume":"113","author":"Tu \n              YK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tu \n              YK, \n            \n            \n              Baelum \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Gilthorpe \n              MS. \n            \n          \n          The problem of analysing the relationship between change and initial value in oral health research. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005;113:271\u2013278."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b15","series-title":"Psychol Assess","first-page":"284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti \n              DVB,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cicchetti \n              DVB, \n            \n            \n              James \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Nelson \n              LD. \n            \n          \n          Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychol Assess. 1994;6:284\u2013290."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"401","article-title":"Arch width changes from 6 weeks to 45 years of age","volume":"111","author":"Bishara \n              SE,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bishara \n              SE, \n            \n            \n              Jakobsen \n              JR, \n            \n            \n              Treder \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Nowak \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Arch width changes from 6 weeks to 45 years of age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111:401\u2013409."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"881","article-title":"Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Rossini \n              G,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Parrini \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Castroflorio \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Deregibus \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Debernardi \n              CL. \n            \n          \n          Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:881\u2013889."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b18","series-title":"J Can Dent Assoc","first-page":"263","article-title":"Clinical limitations of Invisalign","volume":"73","author":"Phan \n              X,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phan \n              X, \n            \n            \n              Ling \n              PH. \n            \n          \n          Clinical limitations of Invisalign. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:263\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"303","article-title":"The mandibular dental arch: part III. Buccal expansion","volume":"48","author":"Schulhof \n              RJ,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schulhof \n              RJ, \n            \n            \n              Lestrel \n              PE, \n            \n            \n              Walters \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Schuler \n              R. \n            \n          \n          The mandibular dental arch: part III. Buccal expansion. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:303\u2013310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"269","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of 3-dimensional digital model measurements","volume":"142","author":"Sousa \n              MV,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sousa \n              MV, \n            \n            \n              Vasconcelos \n              EC, \n            \n            \n              Janson \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Garib \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Pinzan \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Accuracy and reproducibility of 3-dimensional digital model measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b21","series-title":"Ann Stomatol (Roma)","first-page":"23","article-title":"Self-ligating versus Invisalign: analysis of dento-alveolar effects","volume":"2","author":"Pavoni \n              C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pavoni \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Lione \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Lagan\u00e0 \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Cozza \n              P. \n            \n          \n          Self-ligating versus Invisalign: analysis of dento-alveolar effects. Ann Stomatol (Roma). 2011;2:23\u201327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b01","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1724","article-title":"The treatment effects of Invisalign orthodontic aligners: a systematic review","volume":"136","author":"Lagravere \n              MO,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lagravere \n              MO, \n            \n            \n              Flores-Mir \n              C. \n            \n          \n          The treatment effects of Invisalign orthodontic aligners: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136:1724\u20131729."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b02","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"254","article-title":"Invisalign, an innovative invisible orthodontic appliance to correct malocclusions: advantages and limitations","volume":"39","author":"Ali \n              SA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ali \n              SA, \n            \n            \n              Miethke \n              HR. \n            \n          \n          Invisalign, an innovative invisible orthodontic appliance to correct malocclusions: advantages and limitations. Dent Update. 2012;39:254\u2013256, 258\u2013260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b03","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"41","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of a mildly crowded malocclusion using the Invisalign system","volume":"17","author":"Vlaskalic \n              V,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vlaskalic \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Boyd \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Orthodontic treatment of a mildly crowded malocclusion using the Invisalign system. Aust Orthod J. 2001;17:41\u201346."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b04","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"213","article-title":"Invisible orthodontics part 1: Invisalign","volume":"207\u2013210","author":"Malik \n              OH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malik \n              OH, \n            \n            \n              McMullin \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Waring \n              DT. \n            \n          \n          Invisible orthodontics part 1: Invisalign. Dent Update. 2013;40:203\u2013204,207\u2013210, 213\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"515","article-title":"Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index","volume":"133","author":"Krishnan \n              V,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krishnan \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Daniel \n              ST, \n            \n            \n              Lazar \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Asok \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:515\u2013523."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"305","article-title":"Arch width and form: a review","volume":"115","author":"Lee \n              RT.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee \n              RT. \n            \n          \n          Arch width and form: a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:305\u2013313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310","article-title":"A new approach to correction of crowding","volume":"122","author":"Womack \n              WR,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Womack \n              WR, \n            \n            \n              Ahn \n              JH, \n            \n            \n              Ammari \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Castillo \n              A. \n            \n          \n          A new approach to correction of crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:310\u2013316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b08","series-title":"Orthodontics (Chic.)","first-page":"122","article-title":"Unilateral canine crossbite correction in adults using the Invisalign method: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Giancotti \n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giancotti \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Mampieri \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Unilateral canine crossbite correction in adults using the Invisalign method: a case report. Orthodontics (Chic.). 2012;13:122\u2013127."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b09","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"365","article-title":"Invisalign\u00ae treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?","volume":"73","author":"Krieger \n              E,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krieger \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Seiferth \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Marinello \n              I, \n            \n            et al. \n          Invisalign\u00ae treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?\n          J Orofac Orthop. 2012;73:365\u2013376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"27","article-title":"How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign","volume":"135","author":"Kravitz \n              ND,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kravitz \n              ND, \n            \n            \n              Kusnoto \n              B, \n            \n            \n              BeGole \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Obrez \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Agran \n              B. \n            \n          \n          How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:27\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b11","series-title":"The Invisalign System","author":"Tuncay \n              OC.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tuncay \n              OC. \n            \n          \n          The Invisalign System. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence;2006."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"464","article-title":"Evaluation of dental arch width and form changes after orthodontic treatment and retention with a new computerized method","volume":"126","author":"Taner \n              TU,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taner \n              TU, \n            \n            \n              Ciger \n              S, \n            \n            \n              El \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Germe\u00e7 \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Es \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of dental arch width and form changes after orthodontic treatment and retention with a new computerized method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:464\u2013475."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b13","series-title":"Swed Dent J Suppl","first-page":"99","article-title":"A comparison of the reliability of measurement of cephalometric radiographs by tracings and direct digitization","volume":"15","author":"Houston \n              WJ.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Houston \n              WJ. \n            \n          \n          A comparison of the reliability of measurement of cephalometric radiographs by tracings and direct digitization. Swed Dent J Suppl. 1982;15:99\u2013103."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b14","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"271","article-title":"The problem of analysing the relationship between change and initial value in oral health research","volume":"113","author":"Tu \n              YK,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tu \n              YK, \n            \n            \n              Baelum \n              V, \n            \n            \n              Gilthorpe \n              MS. \n            \n          \n          The problem of analysing the relationship between change and initial value in oral health research. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005;113:271\u2013278."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b15","series-title":"Psychol Assess","first-page":"284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti \n              DVB,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cicchetti \n              DVB, \n            \n            \n              James \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Nelson \n              LD. \n            \n          \n          Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychol Assess. 1994;6:284\u2013290."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"401","article-title":"Arch width changes from 6 weeks to 45 years of age","volume":"111","author":"Bishara \n              SE,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bishara \n              SE, \n            \n            \n              Jakobsen \n              JR, \n            \n            \n              Treder \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Nowak \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Arch width changes from 6 weeks to 45 years of age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111:401\u2013409."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"881","article-title":"Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Rossini \n              G,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Parrini \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Castroflorio \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Deregibus \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Debernardi \n              CL. \n            \n          \n          Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:881\u2013889."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b18","series-title":"J Can Dent Assoc","first-page":"263","article-title":"Clinical limitations of Invisalign","volume":"73","author":"Phan \n              X,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phan \n              X, \n            \n            \n              Ling \n              PH. \n            \n          \n          Clinical limitations of Invisalign. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:263\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"303","article-title":"The mandibular dental arch: part III. Buccal expansion","volume":"48","author":"Schulhof \n              RJ,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schulhof \n              RJ, \n            \n            \n              Lestrel \n              PE, \n            \n            \n              Walters \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Schuler \n              R. \n            \n          \n          The mandibular dental arch: part III. Buccal expansion. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:303\u2013310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"269","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of 3-dimensional digital model measurements","volume":"142","author":"Sousa \n              MV,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sousa \n              MV, \n            \n            \n              Vasconcelos \n              EC, \n            \n            \n              Janson \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Garib \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Pinzan \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Accuracy and reproducibility of 3-dimensional digital model measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-19-b21","series-title":"Ann Stomatol (Roma)","first-page":"23","article-title":"Self-ligating versus Invisalign: analysis of dento-alveolar effects","volume":"2","author":"Pavoni \n              C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pavoni \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Lione \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Lagan\u00e0 \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Cozza \n              P. \n            \n          \n          Self-ligating versus Invisalign: analysis of dento-alveolar effects. 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