{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1789540417561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the difference between orthodontic camouflage and orthodontic-orthognathic surgery using the traditional cephalometric measurement IMPA and the newly proposed IA\/PA\n MD<\/jats:sub>\n , the angle between the long axis of the lower incisor (IA) and the principal axis of the mandibular alveolus (PA\n MD<\/jats:sub>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study included 40 cases each in the orthodontic camouflage group (OG) and orthodontic-orthognathic surgery group (SG). The differences between the IMPA and IA\/PA\n MD<\/jats:sub>\n before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. T0 lateral cephalometric images of the 10 cases with the highest and lowest increase in the IA\/PA\n MD<\/jats:sub>\n were analyzed to identify characteristics associated with a higher risk of overdecompensation of the lower incisors during presurgical orthodontic treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Both the OG and SG showed a significant improvement in hard- and soft-tissue measurements. However, in the OG, there was significant lingual inclination of the lower incisor but only a small change in the IA\/PA\n MD<\/jats:sub>\n . In the surgical group, the IMPA was close to 90\u00b0 after treatment, but the IA\/PA\n MD<\/jats:sub>\n significantly increased.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In orthodontic camouflage, the lower anterior teeth were significantly moved lingually with a better root-bone relationship. However, this relationship deteriorated in some surgical patients. Therefore, it is important to conduct cephalometric or cone-beam computed tomography examinations during preoperative orthodontics to identify and prevent possible periodontal risks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/122523-856.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T20:00:55Z","timestamp":1714939255000},"page":"504-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lower incisor position in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients: a comparative study of orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhsuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b01","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Treatment decision in adult patients with class III malocclusion: surgery versus orthodontics","volume":"19","author":"Eslami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eslami\n S,\n \n \n Faber\n J,\n \n \n Fateh\n A,\n \n \n Sheikholaemmeh\n F,\n \n \n Grassia\n V,\n \n \n Jamilian\n A.\n \n \n Treatment decision in adult patients with class III malocclusion: surgery versus orthodontics. Prog Orthod. 2018;19(1):28."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b02","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Comparison of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in different facial skeletal types","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n Y-S,\n \n \n Cha\n J-Y,\n \n \n Yu\n HS,\n \n \n Hwang\n CJ.\n \n \n Comparison of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in different facial skeletal types. Korean J Orthod. 2010;40(5):314\u2013324."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b03","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"87","article-title":"Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high-angle skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma\n H,\n \n \n Li\n W,\n \n \n Xu\n L,\n \n et al.\n Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high-angle skeletal class III malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(1):87\u201395."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"645","article-title":"Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Kook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n G,\n \n \n Kim\n Y.\n \n \n Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(4):645\u2013652."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"210","article-title":"Augmented corticotomy-assisted presurgical orthodontic treatment to prevent alveolar bone loss in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"163","author":"Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma\n H,\n \n \n Lyu\n H,\n \n \n Xu\n L,\n \n et al.\n Augmented corticotomy-assisted presurgical orthodontic treatment to prevent alveolar bone loss in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;163(2):210\u2013221."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146.e1\u2013146","article-title":"Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage","volume":"135","author":"Troy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Troy\n BA,\n \n \n Shanker\n S,\n \n \n Fields\n HW,\n \n \n Vig\n K,\n \n \n Johnston\n W.\n \n \n Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135(2):146.e1\u2013146.e9."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment: a cephalometric study","volume":"130","author":"Johnston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnston\n C,\n \n \n Burden\n D,\n \n \n Kennedy\n D,\n \n \n Harradine\n N,\n \n \n Stevenson\n M.\n \n \n Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment: a cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(3):300\u2013309."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"637","article-title":"Alveolar bone loss around lower incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment in mandibular prognathism","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee\n KM,\n \n \n Kim\n YI,\n \n \n Park\n SB,\n \n \n Son\n WS.\n \n \n Alveolar bone loss around lower incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment in mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(4):637\u2013644."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"858","article-title":"Adult skeletal Class III correction with camouflage orthodontic treatment","volume":"156","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Emamy\n M,\n \n \n Lee\n SH.\n \n \n Adult skeletal Class III correction with camouflage orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;156(6):858\u2013869."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b10","series-title":"Andrews Journal of Orthodontics and Orofacial Harmony","first-page":"13","article-title":"The six elements of orofacial harmony","volume":"1","author":"Andrews","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andrews\n LF,\n \n \n Andrews\n WA.\n \n \n The six elements of orofacial harmony. Andrews Journal of Orthodontics and Orofacial Harmony. 2000;1:13\u201322."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b11","series-title":"Head Face Med","first-page":"16","article-title":"Inclination of mandibular incisors and symphysis in severe skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang\n J,\n \n \n Liang\n Y,\n \n \n Chen\n R,\n \n et al.\n Inclination of mandibular incisors and symphysis in severe skeletal class III malocclusion. Head Face Med. 2023;19(1):16."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"877","article-title":"Effects of bracket design on critical contact angle","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu\n X,\n \n \n Ding\n P,\n \n \n Lin\n J.\n \n \n Effects of bracket design on critical contact angle. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(5):877\u2013884."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"299","article-title":"Soft-tissue changes associated with different surgical procedures for treating class III patients","volume":"75","author":"Ghassemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghassemi\n M,\n \n \n Jamilian\n A,\n \n \n Becker\n JR,\n \n \n Modabber\n A,\n \n \n Fritz\n U,\n \n \n Ghassemi\n A.\n \n \n Soft-tissue changes associated with different surgical procedures for treating class III patients. J Orofac Orthop. 2014;75(4):299\u2013307."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"121","article-title":"The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Tweed","year":"1954","unstructured":"Tweed\n CH.\n \n \n The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis. Angle Orthod. 1954;24(3):121\u2013169."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b15","series-title":"Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology","first-page":"16491","article-title":"A comparison of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal class III patients treated with orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery","volume":"25","author":"Barodiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barodiya\n A,\n \n \n Thukral\n R,\n \n \n Chauhan\n SP,\n \n \n Solanki\n SKS,\n \n \n Goswami\n T,\n \n \n Singh\n TN.\n \n \n A comparison of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal class III patients treated with orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(4):16491\u201316497."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b16","series-title":"Open Dent J","first-page":"38","article-title":"Treatment in borderline Class III malocclusion: orthodontic camouflage (extraction) versus orthognathic surgery","volume":"2","author":"Rabie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rabie\n AB,\n \n \n Wong\n RW,\n \n \n Min\n GU.\n \n \n Treatment in borderline Class III malocclusion: orthodontic camouflage (extraction) versus orthognathic surgery. Open Dent J. 2008;2:38\u201348."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b17","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"490","article-title":"Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery for class III deformity: comparative cephalometric analysis","volume":"46","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinez\n P,\n \n \n Bellot-Arc\u00eds\n C,\n \n \n Llamas\n JM,\n \n \n Cibrian\n R,\n \n \n Gandia\n JL,\n \n \n Paredes-Gallardo\n V.\n \n \n Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery for class III deformity: comparative cephalometric analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(4):490\u2013495."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"948","article-title":"Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns","volume":"83","author":"Molina-Berlanga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Molina-Berlanga\n N,\n \n \n Llopis-Perez\n J,\n \n \n Flores-Mir\n C,\n \n \n Puigdollers\n A.\n \n \n Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(6):948\u2013955."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"409","article-title":"Dentofacial traits in association with lower incisor alveolar cancellous bone thickness: a multiple regression analysis","volume":"87","author":"Qu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qu\n X,\n \n \n Liu\n Z,\n \n \n Wang\n Y,\n \n \n Fang\n Y,\n \n \n Du\n M,\n \n \n He\n H.\n \n \n Dentofacial traits in association with lower incisor alveolar cancellous bone thickness: a multiple regression analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(3):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b20","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"Assessment of lower incisor alveolar bone width using cone-beam computed tomography images in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical patterns","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee\n S,\n \n \n Hwang\n S,\n \n \n Jang\n W,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ,\n \n \n Chung\n CJ,\n \n \n Kim\n KH.\n \n \n Assessment of lower incisor alveolar bone width using cone-beam computed tomography images in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical patterns. Korean J Orthod. 2018;48(6):349\u2013356."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b21","series-title":"Chin J Orthod","first-page":"7","article-title":"Study of the application of healthy orthodontics philosophy in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by force-transmission technique","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen\n S,\n \n \n Lvy\n W,\n \n \n Huang\n W,\n \n et al.\n Study of the application of healthy orthodontics philosophy in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion by force-transmission technique. Chin J Orthod. 2021;28(1):7."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b22","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"e1167","article-title":"Implant insertion angle and depth: peri-implant bone stress analysis by the finite element method","volume":"13","author":"Rito-Macedo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rito-Macedo\n F,\n \n \n Barroso-Oliveira\n M,\n \n \n Paranhos\n LR,\n \n et al.\n Implant insertion angle and depth: peri-implant bone stress analysis by the finite element method. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(12):e1167\u2013e1173."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b23","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"819","article-title":"Finite element analysis of effect of prosthesis height, angle of force application, and implant offset on supporting bone","volume":"19","author":"S\u00fctpideler","year":"2004","unstructured":"S\u00fctpideler\n M,\n \n \n Eckert\n SE,\n \n \n Zobitz\n M,\n \n \n An\n KN.\n \n \n Finite element analysis of effect of prosthesis height, angle of force application, and implant offset on supporting bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19(6):819\u2013825."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"A reconsideration of the propriety of the \u201cpressure-tensio\u201d hypothesis","volume":"55","author":"Baumrind","year":"1969","unstructured":"Baumrind\n S.\n \n \n A reconsideration of the propriety of the \u201cpressure-tensio\u201d hypothesis. Am J Orthod. 1969;55(1):12\u201322."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"284","article-title":"Observations on the response of alveolar bone to orthodontic force","volume":"58","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1970","unstructured":"DeAngelis\n V.\n \n \n Observations on the response of alveolar bone to orthodontic force. Am J Orthod. 1970;58(3):284\u2013294."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b01","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Treatment decision in adult patients with class III malocclusion: surgery versus orthodontics","volume":"19","author":"Eslami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eslami\n S,\n \n \n Faber\n J,\n \n \n Fateh\n A,\n \n \n Sheikholaemmeh\n F,\n \n \n Grassia\n V,\n \n \n Jamilian\n A.\n \n \n Treatment decision in adult patients with class III malocclusion: surgery versus orthodontics. Prog Orthod. 2018;19(1):28."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b02","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Comparison of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in different facial skeletal types","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n Y-S,\n \n \n Cha\n J-Y,\n \n \n Yu\n HS,\n \n \n Hwang\n CJ.\n \n \n Comparison of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in different facial skeletal types. Korean J Orthod. 2010;40(5):314\u2013324."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b03","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"87","article-title":"Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high-angle skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma\n H,\n \n \n Li\n W,\n \n \n Xu\n L,\n \n et al.\n Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high-angle skeletal class III malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(1):87\u201395."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"645","article-title":"Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Kook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n G,\n \n \n Kim\n Y.\n \n \n Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(4):645\u2013652."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"210","article-title":"Augmented corticotomy-assisted presurgical orthodontic treatment to prevent alveolar bone loss in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"163","author":"Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma\n H,\n \n \n Lyu\n H,\n \n \n Xu\n L,\n \n et al.\n Augmented corticotomy-assisted presurgical orthodontic treatment to prevent alveolar bone loss in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;163(2):210\u2013221."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146.e1\u2013146","article-title":"Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage","volume":"135","author":"Troy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Troy\n BA,\n \n \n Shanker\n S,\n \n \n Fields\n HW,\n \n \n Vig\n K,\n \n \n Johnston\n W.\n \n \n Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135(2):146.e1\u2013146.e9."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment: a cephalometric study","volume":"130","author":"Johnston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnston\n C,\n \n \n Burden\n D,\n \n \n Kennedy\n D,\n \n \n Harradine\n N,\n \n \n Stevenson\n M.\n \n \n Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment: a cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(3):300\u2013309."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"637","article-title":"Alveolar bone loss around lower incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment in mandibular prognathism","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee\n KM,\n \n \n Kim\n YI,\n \n \n Park\n SB,\n \n \n Son\n WS.\n \n \n Alveolar bone loss around lower incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment in mandibular prognathism. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(4):637\u2013644."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"858","article-title":"Adult skeletal Class III correction with camouflage orthodontic treatment","volume":"156","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Emamy\n M,\n \n \n Lee\n SH.\n \n \n Adult skeletal Class III correction with camouflage orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;156(6):858\u2013869."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b10","series-title":"Andrews Journal of Orthodontics and Orofacial Harmony","first-page":"13","article-title":"The six elements of orofacial harmony","volume":"1","author":"Andrews","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andrews\n LF,\n \n \n Andrews\n WA.\n \n \n The six elements of orofacial harmony. Andrews Journal of Orthodontics and Orofacial Harmony. 2000;1:13\u201322."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b11","series-title":"Head Face Med","first-page":"16","article-title":"Inclination of mandibular incisors and symphysis in severe skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang\n J,\n \n \n Liang\n Y,\n \n \n Chen\n R,\n \n et al.\n Inclination of mandibular incisors and symphysis in severe skeletal class III malocclusion. Head Face Med. 2023;19(1):16."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"877","article-title":"Effects of bracket design on critical contact angle","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu\n X,\n \n \n Ding\n P,\n \n \n Lin\n J.\n \n \n Effects of bracket design on critical contact angle. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(5):877\u2013884."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"299","article-title":"Soft-tissue changes associated with different surgical procedures for treating class III patients","volume":"75","author":"Ghassemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghassemi\n M,\n \n \n Jamilian\n A,\n \n \n Becker\n JR,\n \n \n Modabber\n A,\n \n \n Fritz\n U,\n \n \n Ghassemi\n A.\n \n \n Soft-tissue changes associated with different surgical procedures for treating class III patients. J Orofac Orthop. 2014;75(4):299\u2013307."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"121","article-title":"The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Tweed","year":"1954","unstructured":"Tweed\n CH.\n \n \n The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis. Angle Orthod. 1954;24(3):121\u2013169."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b15","series-title":"Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology","first-page":"16491","article-title":"A comparison of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal class III patients treated with orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery","volume":"25","author":"Barodiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barodiya\n A,\n \n \n Thukral\n R,\n \n \n Chauhan\n SP,\n \n \n Solanki\n SKS,\n \n \n Goswami\n T,\n \n \n Singh\n TN.\n \n \n A comparison of long-term stability and satisfaction in moderate skeletal class III patients treated with orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(4):16491\u201316497."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b16","series-title":"Open Dent J","first-page":"38","article-title":"Treatment in borderline Class III malocclusion: orthodontic camouflage (extraction) versus orthognathic surgery","volume":"2","author":"Rabie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rabie\n AB,\n \n \n Wong\n RW,\n \n \n Min\n GU.\n \n \n Treatment in borderline Class III malocclusion: orthodontic camouflage (extraction) versus orthognathic surgery. Open Dent J. 2008;2:38\u201348."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-5-504-b17","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"490","article-title":"Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery for class III deformity: comparative cephalometric analysis","volume":"46","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinez\n P,\n \n \n Bellot-Arc\u00eds\n C,\n \n \n Llamas\n JM,\n \n \n Cibrian\n R,\n \n \n Gandia\n JL,\n \n \n Paredes-Gallardo\n V.\n \n \n Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery for class III deformity: comparative cephalometric analysis. 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Am J Orthod. 1970;58(3):284\u2013294."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/5\/article-p504.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/94\/5\/504\/3426718\/i1945-7103-94-5-504.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/5\/article-p504.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/5\/article-p504.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:19:46Z","timestamp":1780064386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/5\/article-p504.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/122523-856.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}}}