{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T04:49:49Z","timestamp":1781326189733,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a 10-year-old female patient with a combination of Angle Class III malocclusion, a missing maxillary right lateral incisor, a supernumerary tooth with a short root on the lingual side of the maxillary incisor, a skeletal Class III jaw base relationship caused by a diminutive maxilla, and retroposition of the maxilla. We chose to close the space of the missing tooth, as well as the space created by extraction of the maxillary lateral incisor, by forward movement of the canine and premolars using a maxillary protractor with edgewise appliances. As a result, both the maxillary premolars and the molars were moved mesially, and a Class II molar relationship with tight interdigitation was achieved. Our results suggest that the combination of maxillary protractor and nontorque brackets was effective not only for correcting skeletal Class III malocclusion, but also for forward movement of the maxillary posterior teeth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/122908-661.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,11]],"date-time":"2009-11-11T14:45:41Z","timestamp":1257950741000},"page":"405-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Skeletal Class III Malocclusion with Unilateral Congenitally Missing Maxillary Incisor Treated by Maxillary Protractor and Edgewise Appliances"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Masako","family":"Tabuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigemi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Chief Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"The dilemma of Class III treatment. Early or late?","volume":"53","author":"Campbell, P. M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Campbell, P. M.\n          \n          The dilemma of Class III treatment. Early or late?\n          Angle Orthod\n          1983. 53:175\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"7","article-title":"Components of Class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents.","volume":"56","author":"Guyer, E. C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Guyer, E. C., E. E.EllisIII, J. A.McNamaraJr, and R. G.Behrents. Components of Class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents.Angle Orthod1986. 56:7\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b03","series-title":"Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition","first-page":"117","author":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A. and W. L.Brudon. Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition. Ann Arbor, MichNeedham Press. 1993. 117\u2013129, 283\u2013295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"377","article-title":"Orthopedic approach to severe skeletal Class III malocclusion.","volume":"67","author":"Irie, M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Irie, M. and S.Nakamura. Orthopedic approach to severe skeletal Class III malocclusion.Am J Orthod1975. 67:377\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b05","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"12","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren.","volume":"81","author":"Thilander, B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Thilander, B. and N.Myrberg. 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Philadelphia, PAWB Saunders. 1969. 927\u2013947."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Mandibular prognathism.","volume":"66","author":"Jacobson, A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Jacobson, A., W. G.Evans, C. B.Preston, and P. L.Sadowsky. Mandibular prognathism.Am J Orthod1974. 66:140\u2013171."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b09","series-title":"Orthodontics: Principles and Practice","first-page":"709","author":"Graber, T. M.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Graber, T. M.\n          \n          Orthodontics: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, PAWB Saunders. 1966. 709\u2013713."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"23","article-title":"Comparison of orthodontic and orthopedic effects of a modified maxillary protractor between deciduous and early mixed dentitions.","volume":"126","author":"Kajiyama, K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kajiyama, K., T.Murakami, and A.Suzuki. Comparison of orthodontic and orthopedic effects of a modified maxillary protractor between deciduous and early mixed dentitions.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2004. 126 (1):23\u201332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"304","article-title":"Treatment effect of combined maxillary protraction and chincap appliance in severe skeletal Class III cases.","volume":"92","author":"Ishii, H.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ishii, H., S.Morita, Y.Takeuchi, and S.Nakamura. Treatment effect of combined maxillary protraction and chincap appliance in severe skeletal Class III cases.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1987. 92:304\u2013312."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children.","volume":"108","author":"Baik, H. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baik, H. S.\n          \n          Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1995. 108 (6):583\u2013592."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"27","article-title":"The effects of a modified protraction headgear on maxilla.","volume":"117","author":"Alcan, T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alcan, T., A.Keles, and N.Erverdi. The effects of a modified protraction headgear on maxilla.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2000. 117:27\u201338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b14","series-title":"Dtsch Vierteljahres Z Zahnheilk","first-page":"34","article-title":"Eine Zahnrichtmaschine.","volume":"15","author":"Potpeschnigg, H.","year":"1875","unstructured":"Potpeschnigg, H.\n          \n          Eine Zahnrichtmaschine.\n          Dtsch Vierteljahres Z Zahnheilk\n          1875. 15:34\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b15","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"598","article-title":"An orthopedic approach to the treatment of Class III malocclusion in young patients.","volume":"21","author":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.\n          \n          An orthopedic approach to the treatment of Class III malocclusion in young patients.\n          J Clin Orthod\n          1987. 21:598\u2013608."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear.","volume":"22","author":"Turley, P. K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Turley, P. K.\n          \n          Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear.\n          J Clin Orthod\n          1988. 22:314\u2013325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cephalometric changes after the correction of class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion\/facemask therapy.","volume":"116","author":"Macdonald, K. E.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Macdonald, K. E., A. J.Kapust, and P. K.Turley. Cephalometric changes after the correction of class III malocclusion with maxillary expansion\/facemask therapy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1999. 116:13\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on Class III malocclusion.","volume":"68","author":"Nartallo-Turley, P. E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nartallo-Turley, P. E. and P. K.Turley. Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on Class III malocclusion.Angle Orthod1998. 68:217\u2013224."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"423","article-title":"Cephalometric A point changes during and after maxillary protraction and expansion.","volume":"110","author":"Shanker, S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shanker, S., P.Ngan, D.Wade, M.Beck, C.Yiu, U.H\u00e4gg, and S. H.Wei. Cephalometric A point changes during and after maxillary protraction and expansion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 110:423\u2013430."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"121","article-title":"Protraction of maxilla in rhesus monkeys by controlled extraoral forces.","volume":"74","author":"Nanda, R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nanda, R.\n          \n          Protraction of maxilla in rhesus monkeys by controlled extraoral forces.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1978. 74:121\u2013141."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"318","article-title":"Experimental and postexperimental response to anteriorly directed extraoral force in young Macaca nemestrina.","volume":"75","author":"Jackson, G. W.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jackson, G. W., V. G.Kokich, and P. A.Shapiro. Experimental and postexperimental response to anteriorly directed extraoral force in young Macaca nemestrina.Am J Orthod1979. 75:318\u2013333."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"38","article-title":"Soft tissue and dentoskeletal profile changes associated with maxillary expansion and protraction headgear treatment.","volume":"109","author":"Ngan, P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ngan, P., U.H\u00e4gg, C.Yiu, D.Merwin, and S. H.Wei. Soft tissue and dentoskeletal profile changes associated with maxillary expansion and protraction headgear treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 109:38\u201349."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"549","article-title":"Evaluation of the modified maxillary protractor applied to Class III malocclusion with retruded maxilla in early mixed dentition.","volume":"118","author":"Kajiyama, K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kajiyama, K., T.Murakami, and A.Suzuki. Evaluation of the modified maxillary protractor applied to Class III malocclusion with retruded maxilla in early mixed dentition.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2000. 118:549\u2013559."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"196","article-title":"Early treatment of the Class III malocclusion with rapid maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction.","volume":"113","author":"da Silva Filho, O. G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"da Silva Filho, O. G., A. C.Magro, and L.Capelozza Filho. Early treatment of the Class III malocclusion with rapid maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1998. 113:196\u2013203."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"360","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of a mini maxillary protraction appliance.","volume":"76","author":"Altug, Z.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Altug, Z. and A. D.Arslan. Skeletal and dental effects of a mini maxillary protraction appliance.Angle Orthod2006. 76:360\u2013368."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"204","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups.","volume":"113","author":"Kapust, A. J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kapust, A. J., P. M.Sinclair, and P. K.Turley. Cephalometric effects of face mask\/expansion therapy in Class III children: a comparison of three age groups.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1998. 113:204\u2013212."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b27","series-title":"Nippon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"49","article-title":"Statistical investigation about the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth.","volume":"58","author":"Hirukawa, K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hirukawa, K., R.Iwata, M.Kurosawa, T.Kondo, and S.Goto. Statistical investigation about the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth.Nippon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi1999. 58:49\u201356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"205","article-title":"Suggested treatment for missing lateral incisor cases.","volume":"22","author":"Carlson, H.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Carlson, H.\n          \n          Suggested treatment for missing lateral incisor cases.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1952. 22:205\u2013216."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b29","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"139","article-title":"Orthodontic vs. restorative treatment of the congenitally absent lateral incisor\u2014long term periodontal and occlusal evaluation.","volume":"46","author":"Nordquist, G. G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Nordquist, G. G. and R. W.McNeill. Orthodontic vs. restorative treatment of the congenitally absent lateral incisor\u2014long term periodontal and occlusal evaluation.J Periodontol1975. 46:139\u2013143."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b30","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"365","article-title":"The maxillary canine and missing lateral incisors: esthetics and occlusion.","volume":"46","author":"Senty, E. L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Senty, E. L.\n          \n          The maxillary canine and missing lateral incisors: esthetics and occlusion.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1976. 46:365\u2013371."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b31","series-title":"Nippon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"355","article-title":"The unusual alignment with unusual extraction in the upper and lower anterior segments.","volume":"41","author":"Terada, Y.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Terada, Y., O.Yamazaki, H.Furusawa, H.Hirose, T.Miyazaki, H.Sasakura, K.Hanada, and N.Hanai. The unusual alignment with unusual extraction in the upper and lower anterior segments.Nippon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi1982. 41:355\u2013368."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-2-405-b32","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"Integrating esthetic dentistry and space closure in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors.","volume":"35","author":"Rosa, M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rosa, M. and B. U.Zachrisson. Integrating esthetic dentistry and space closure in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors.J Clin Orthod2001. 35:221\u2013234."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/2\/article-p405.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/2\/article-p405.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/2\/article-p405.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:49:26Z","timestamp":1747356566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/2\/article-p405.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/122908-661.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}