{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:09:08Z","timestamp":1780070948041,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate dentofacial characteristics of orthodontic patients with centric relation (CR)\u2013maximum intercuspation (MI) discrepancy and to analyze changes in dentofacial characteristics between CR and MI positions in these patients using lateral cephalograms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult female patients were classified into two groups: large CR-MI discrepancy (greater than 2.0\u00a0mm horizontal or vertical mandibular incisor movements during CR to MI change, n \u200a=\u200a 20) and small CR-MI discrepancy (less than 1.0\u00a0mm horizontal and vertical mandibular incisor movements during CR to MI change, n \u200a=\u200a 22). All subjects underwent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging prior to treatment. Gnathological stabilizing splints were used to find a reliable CR position in patients with large CR-MI discrepancy. Sixteen variables from lateral cephalograms were analyzed to identify differences in cephalometric variables between CR and MI positions in patients with large discrepancy. Differences in dentofacial cephalometric variables at MI positions between patients with large and small CR-MI discrepancies were also analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with large CR-MI discrepancy had backward positioning and rotation of the mandible at the MI position compared to the norm. In addition, the mandible moved more posteriorly and rotated more in a clockwise direction during MI to CR change. Interestingly, all patients with large CR-MI discrepancy had TMJ disk displacement. There were no significant differences in the cephalometric variables of the MI positions between patients with small and large CR-MI discrepancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that adult patients with backward positioning and rotation of the mandible should be carefully evaluated as a result of the potential CR-MI discrepancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/123013-949.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T09:41:56Z","timestamp":1395913316000},"page":"939-945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Dentofacial characteristics in orthodontic patients with centric relation\u2013maximum intercuspation discrepancy"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Won Hee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byungtaek","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Associate Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Yun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sug-Joon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b01","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"10","article-title":"The glossary of prosthodontic terms","volume":"94","year":"2005","unstructured":"The glossary of prosthodontic terms.  J Prosthet Dent.  2005; 94: 10\u2013 92."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b02","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"611","article-title":"Simple application of anterior jig or leaf gauge in routine clinical practice","volume":"59","author":"Carroll\n              WJ,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carroll\n              WJ, \n            \n              Woelfel\n              JB, \n            \n              Huffman\n              RW. \n          \n          Simple application of anterior jig or leaf gauge in routine clinical practice.  J Prosthet Dent.  1988; 59: 611\u2013 617."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b03","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"19","article-title":"A study of mandibular movement from centric occlusion to maximum intercuspation","volume":"18","author":"Hodge\n              LC\n              Jr,","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hodge\n              LC\n              Jr, \n            \n              Mahan\n              PE. \n          \n          A study of mandibular movement from centric occlusion to maximum intercuspation.  J Prosthet Dent.  1967; 18: 19\u2013 30."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b04","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"324","article-title":"The prevalence and magnitude of mandibular displacement in a survey population","volume":"39","author":"Rieder\n              CE.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rieder\n              CE. \n          \n          The prevalence and magnitude of mandibular displacement in a survey population.  J Prosthet Dent.  1978; 39: 324\u2013 329."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"103","article-title":"Condylar axis position, as determined by the occlusion and measured by the CPI instrument, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction","volume":"69","author":"Crawford\n              SD.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crawford\n              SD. \n          \n          Condylar axis position, as determined by the occlusion and measured by the CPI instrument, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction.  Angle Orthod.  1999; 69: 103\u2013 116."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b06","series-title":"J Oral rehabil","first-page":"55","article-title":"An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part III","volume":"28","author":"Keshvad\n              A,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Keshvad\n              A, \n            \n              Winstanley\n              RB. \n          \n          An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part III.  J Oral rehabil.  2001; 28: 55\u2013 63."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"566","article-title":"Clinical and instrumental functional analysis and treatment planning. Part 4. Instrumental analysis of mandibular casts using the mandibular position indicator","volume":"22","author":"Slavicek\n              R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Slavicek\n              R. \n          \n          Clinical and instrumental functional analysis and treatment planning. Part 4. Instrumental analysis of mandibular casts using the mandibular position indicator.  J Clin Orthod.  1988; 22: 566\u2013 575."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"The CR-CO discrepancy and its effect on cephalometric measurements","volume":"64","author":"Shildkraut\n              M,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shildkraut\n              M, \n            \n              Wood\n              DP, \n            \n              Hunter\n              WS. \n          \n          The CR-CO discrepancy and its effect on cephalometric measurements.  Angle Orthod.  1994; 64: 333\u2013 342."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b09","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults","volume":"98","author":"Solberg\n              WK,","year":"1979","unstructured":"Solberg\n              WK, \n            \n              Woo\n              MW, \n            \n              Houston\n              JB. \n          \n          Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults.  J Am Dent Assoc.  1979; 98: 25\u2013 34."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b10","series-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Occlusal Problems","author":"Dawson\n              P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dawson\n              P. \n          \n          Diagnosis and Treatment of Occlusal Problems.  St Louis, Mo:  Mosby;  1989."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b11","series-title":"Braz Oral Res","first-page":"176","article-title":"Increase of condylar displacement between centric relation and maximal habitual intercuspation after occlusal splint therapy","volume":"19","author":"Fantini\n              SM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fantini\n              SM, \n            \n              Paiva\n              JB, \n            \n              Rino Neto\n              J, \n            \n              Dominguez\n              GC, \n            \n              Abrao\n              J, \n            \n              Vigoritto\n              JW. \n          \n          Increase of condylar displacement between centric relation and maximal habitual intercuspation after occlusal splint therapy.  Braz Oral Res.  2005; 19: 176\u2013 182."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b12","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1245","article-title":"The reproducibility of centric relation: a clinical approach","volume":"128","author":"Tarantola\n              GJ,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tarantola\n              GJ, \n            \n              Becker\n              IM, \n            \n              Gremillion\n              H. \n          \n          The reproducibility of centric relation: a clinical approach.  J Am Dent Assoc.  1997; 128: 1245\u2013 1251."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"486","article-title":"Cephalometric keys to internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in women with Class II malocclusions","volume":"69","author":"Ahn\n              SJ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ahn\n              SJ, \n            \n              Kim\n              TW, \n            \n              Nahm\n              DS. \n          \n          Cephalometric keys to internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in women with Class II malocclusions.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  1999; 69: 486\u2013 495."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b14","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-verified temporomandibular joint disk displacement in relation to sagittal and vertical jaw deformities","volume":"42","author":"Jung\n              WS,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung\n              WS, \n            \n              Kim\n              H, \n            \n              Jeon\n              DM, \n            \n              Mah\n              SJ, \n            \n              Ahn\n              SJ. \n          \n          Magnetic resonance imaging-verified temporomandibular joint disk displacement in relation to sagittal and vertical jaw deformities.  Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2013; 42: 1108\u2013 1115."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b15","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Gender differences in dentofacial characteristics of adult patients with temporomandibular disc displacement","volume":"71","author":"Kwon\n              HB,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon\n              HB, \n            \n              Kim\n              H, \n            \n              Jung\n              WS, \n            \n              Kim\n              TW, \n            \n              Ahn\n              SJ. \n          \n          Gender differences in dentofacial characteristics of adult patients with temporomandibular disc displacement.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2013; 71: 1178\u2013 1186."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b16","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"66","article-title":"Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis","volume":"83","author":"Pullinger\n              AG,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              AG, \n            \n              Seligman\n              DA. \n          \n          Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis.  J Prosthet Dent.  2000; 83: 66\u2013 75."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b17","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"968","article-title":"A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features","volume":"72","author":"Pullinger\n              AG,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              AG, \n            \n              Seligman\n              DA, \n            \n              Gornbein\n              JA. \n          \n          A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features.  J Dent Res.  1993; 72: 968\u2013 979."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"249","article-title":"Osteoarthrosis as the cause of craniomandibular pain and dysfunction: a unifying concept","volume":"47","author":"Stegenga\n              B,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stegenga\n              B, \n            \n              de Bont\n              LG, \n            \n              Boering\n              G. \n          \n          Osteoarthrosis as the cause of craniomandibular pain and dysfunction: a unifying concept.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg.  1989; 47: 249\u2013 256."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"156","article-title":"Centrically related cephalometrics","volume":"71","author":"Wood\n              CR.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wood\n              CR. \n          \n          Centrically related cephalometrics.  Am J Orthod.  1977; 71: 156\u2013 172."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"331","article-title":"Discrimination of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint by lateral cephalometric analysis","volume":"130","author":"Ahn\n              SJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahn\n              SJ, \n            \n              Baek\n              SH, \n            \n              Kim\n              TW, \n            \n              Nahm\n              DS. \n          \n          Discrimination of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint by lateral cephalometric analysis.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2006; 130: 331\u2013 339."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b01","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"10","article-title":"The glossary of prosthodontic terms","volume":"94","year":"2005","unstructured":"The glossary of prosthodontic terms.  J Prosthet Dent.  2005; 94: 10\u2013 92."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b02","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"611","article-title":"Simple application of anterior jig or leaf gauge in routine clinical practice","volume":"59","author":"Carroll\n              WJ,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carroll\n              WJ, \n            \n              Woelfel\n              JB, \n            \n              Huffman\n              RW. \n          \n          Simple application of anterior jig or leaf gauge in routine clinical practice.  J Prosthet Dent.  1988; 59: 611\u2013 617."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b03","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"19","article-title":"A study of mandibular movement from centric occlusion to maximum intercuspation","volume":"18","author":"Hodge\n              LC\n              Jr,","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hodge\n              LC\n              Jr, \n            \n              Mahan\n              PE. \n          \n          A study of mandibular movement from centric occlusion to maximum intercuspation.  J Prosthet Dent.  1967; 18: 19\u2013 30."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b04","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"324","article-title":"The prevalence and magnitude of mandibular displacement in a survey population","volume":"39","author":"Rieder\n              CE.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rieder\n              CE. \n          \n          The prevalence and magnitude of mandibular displacement in a survey population.  J Prosthet Dent.  1978; 39: 324\u2013 329."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"103","article-title":"Condylar axis position, as determined by the occlusion and measured by the CPI instrument, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction","volume":"69","author":"Crawford\n              SD.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crawford\n              SD. \n          \n          Condylar axis position, as determined by the occlusion and measured by the CPI instrument, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction.  Angle Orthod.  1999; 69: 103\u2013 116."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b06","series-title":"J Oral rehabil","first-page":"55","article-title":"An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part III","volume":"28","author":"Keshvad\n              A,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Keshvad\n              A, \n            \n              Winstanley\n              RB. \n          \n          An appraisal of the literature on centric relation. Part III.  J Oral rehabil.  2001; 28: 55\u2013 63."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"566","article-title":"Clinical and instrumental functional analysis and treatment planning. Part 4. Instrumental analysis of mandibular casts using the mandibular position indicator","volume":"22","author":"Slavicek\n              R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Slavicek\n              R. \n          \n          Clinical and instrumental functional analysis and treatment planning. Part 4. Instrumental analysis of mandibular casts using the mandibular position indicator.  J Clin Orthod.  1988; 22: 566\u2013 575."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"The CR-CO discrepancy and its effect on cephalometric measurements","volume":"64","author":"Shildkraut\n              M,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shildkraut\n              M, \n            \n              Wood\n              DP, \n            \n              Hunter\n              WS. \n          \n          The CR-CO discrepancy and its effect on cephalometric measurements.  Angle Orthod.  1994; 64: 333\u2013 342."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b09","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults","volume":"98","author":"Solberg\n              WK,","year":"1979","unstructured":"Solberg\n              WK, \n            \n              Woo\n              MW, \n            \n              Houston\n              JB. \n          \n          Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults.  J Am Dent Assoc.  1979; 98: 25\u2013 34."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b10","series-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Occlusal Problems","author":"Dawson\n              P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dawson\n              P. \n          \n          Diagnosis and Treatment of Occlusal Problems.  St Louis, Mo:  Mosby;  1989."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b11","series-title":"Braz Oral Res","first-page":"176","article-title":"Increase of condylar displacement between centric relation and maximal habitual intercuspation after occlusal splint therapy","volume":"19","author":"Fantini\n              SM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fantini\n              SM, \n            \n              Paiva\n              JB, \n            \n              Rino Neto\n              J, \n            \n              Dominguez\n              GC, \n            \n              Abrao\n              J, \n            \n              Vigoritto\n              JW. \n          \n          Increase of condylar displacement between centric relation and maximal habitual intercuspation after occlusal splint therapy.  Braz Oral Res.  2005; 19: 176\u2013 182."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b12","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1245","article-title":"The reproducibility of centric relation: a clinical approach","volume":"128","author":"Tarantola\n              GJ,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tarantola\n              GJ, \n            \n              Becker\n              IM, \n            \n              Gremillion\n              H. \n          \n          The reproducibility of centric relation: a clinical approach.  J Am Dent Assoc.  1997; 128: 1245\u2013 1251."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"486","article-title":"Cephalometric keys to internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in women with Class II malocclusions","volume":"69","author":"Ahn\n              SJ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ahn\n              SJ, \n            \n              Kim\n              TW, \n            \n              Nahm\n              DS. \n          \n          Cephalometric keys to internal derangement of temporomandibular joint in women with Class II malocclusions.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  1999; 69: 486\u2013 495."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b14","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-verified temporomandibular joint disk displacement in relation to sagittal and vertical jaw deformities","volume":"42","author":"Jung\n              WS,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung\n              WS, \n            \n              Kim\n              H, \n            \n              Jeon\n              DM, \n            \n              Mah\n              SJ, \n            \n              Ahn\n              SJ. \n          \n          Magnetic resonance imaging-verified temporomandibular joint disk displacement in relation to sagittal and vertical jaw deformities.  Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2013; 42: 1108\u2013 1115."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b15","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Gender differences in dentofacial characteristics of adult patients with temporomandibular disc displacement","volume":"71","author":"Kwon\n              HB,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon\n              HB, \n            \n              Kim\n              H, \n            \n              Jung\n              WS, \n            \n              Kim\n              TW, \n            \n              Ahn\n              SJ. \n          \n          Gender differences in dentofacial characteristics of adult patients with temporomandibular disc displacement.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2013; 71: 1178\u2013 1186."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b16","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"66","article-title":"Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis","volume":"83","author":"Pullinger\n              AG,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              AG, \n            \n              Seligman\n              DA. \n          \n          Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis.  J Prosthet Dent.  2000; 83: 66\u2013 75."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b17","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"968","article-title":"A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features","volume":"72","author":"Pullinger\n              AG,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              AG, \n            \n              Seligman\n              DA, \n            \n              Gornbein\n              JA. \n          \n          A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features.  J Dent Res.  1993; 72: 968\u2013 979."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"249","article-title":"Osteoarthrosis as the cause of craniomandibular pain and dysfunction: a unifying concept","volume":"47","author":"Stegenga\n              B,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stegenga\n              B, \n            \n              de Bont\n              LG, \n            \n              Boering\n              G. \n          \n          Osteoarthrosis as the cause of craniomandibular pain and dysfunction: a unifying concept.  J Oral Maxillofac Surg.  1989; 47: 249\u2013 256."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"156","article-title":"Centrically related cephalometrics","volume":"71","author":"Wood\n              CR.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wood\n              CR. \n          \n          Centrically related cephalometrics.  Am J Orthod.  1977; 71: 156\u2013 172."},{"key":"angl-86-03-10-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"331","article-title":"Discrimination of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint by lateral cephalometric analysis","volume":"130","author":"Ahn\n              SJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahn\n              SJ, \n            \n              Baek\n              SH, \n            \n              Kim\n              TW, \n            \n              Nahm\n              DS. \n          \n          Discrimination of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint by lateral cephalometric analysis.  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