{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:02:26Z","timestamp":1780070546142,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the anterior dentoalveolar and skeletal maxillary cephalometric factors involved in excessive upper incisor crown exposure (UICE) in subjects with skeletal open bite Class II (SOBCIIG) and Class III (SOBCIIIG) against an untreated control group (CG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy pretreatment lateral cephalograms of orthodontic young adult patients (34 men, 36 women) were examined. The sample was divided into three groups according to both sagittal and vertical growth pattern and occlusion. The CG group (n \u200a=\u200a 25) included Class I, normodivergent cases with adequate overbite, and the SOBCIIG group (n \u200a=\u200a 25) and SOBCIIIG group (n \u200a=\u200a 20) included skeletal Class II or III malocclusions, respectively, with hyperdivergent pattern and negative overbite. Several cephalometric measurements were considered (skeletal and dental). Analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance, and Tukey HSD post hoc tests were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for reducing the number of cephalometric variables related to UICE. Finally, a multiple linear regression was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences in UICE were found between the groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). UICE was 3.9\u00a0mm in SOBCIIG, 2.5\u00a0mm in SOBCIIIG, and 0.4\u00a0mm in CG. PCA showed that a nondental component\u2014including vertical maxillary height (VMH) and upper lip height (ULH)\u2014was the only component significantly associated with UICE. The regression model had a moderate prediction capability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the UICE was statistically different in SOBCIIG, the values were within the esthetic standards. The UICE was mainly influenced by VMH and ULH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/123013-950.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]],"date-time":"2014-04-07T09:38:33Z","timestamp":1396863513000},"page":"72-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anterior maxillary dentoalveolar and skeletal cephalometric factors involved in upper incisor crown exposure in subjects with Class II and III skeletal open bite"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Luis Ernesto","family":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur\u2013UCSUR, and Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM, Lima, Per\u00fa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Head, Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b01","series-title":"Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent","first-page":"265","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and treatment of excess gingival display","volume":"11","author":"Robbins\n              JW.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robbins\n              JW. \n          \n          Differential diagnosis and treatment of excess gingival display. Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent. 1999;11:265\u2013272."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b02","series-title":"Quintessence Int","first-page":"809","article-title":"Excessive gingival display: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities","volume":"40","author":"Silberberg\n              N,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silberberg\n              N, \n            \n              Smidt\n              A. \n          \n          Excessive gingival display: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Quintessence Int. 2009;40:809\u2013818."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"199","article-title":"The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings","volume":"24","author":"Hunt\n              O,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hunt\n              O, \n            \n              Johnston\n              C, \n            \n              Hepper\n              P, \n            \n              Burden\n              D, \n            \n              Stevenson\n              M. \n          \n          The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:199\u2013204."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b04","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"18","article-title":"The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Garber\n              DA,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garber\n              DA, \n            \n              Salama\n              MA. \n          \n          The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000. 1996;11:18\u201328."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of excessive gingival display","volume":"127","author":"Polo\n              M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polo\n              M. \n          \n          Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod. 2005;127:214\u2013218."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Some vertical lineaments of lip position","volume":"101","author":"Peck\n              S,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck\n              S, \n            \n              Peck\n              L, \n            \n              Kataja\n              M. \n          \n          Some vertical lineaments of lip position. Am J Orthod. 1992;101:519\u2013524."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage","volume":"82","author":"Kaku\n              M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaku\n              M, \n            \n              Kojima\n              S, \n            \n              Sumi\n              H, \n            et al. \n          Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:170\u2013177."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"317","article-title":"Severe high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smile: a case report","volume":"116","author":"Redlich\n              M,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Redlich\n              M, \n            \n              Mazor\n              Z, \n            \n              Brezniak\n              N. \n          \n          Severe high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smile: a case report. Am J Orthod. 1999;116:317\u2013320."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Correction of severe vertical maxillary excess with anterior open bite and transverse maxillary deficiency","volume":"72","author":"Conley\n              RS,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Conley\n              RS, \n            \n              Legan\n              HL. \n          \n          Correction of severe vertical maxillary excess with anterior open bite and transverse maxillary deficiency. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:265\u2013274."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Re: Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage by Masato Kaku, Shunichi Kojima, Hiromi Sumi, Hiroyuki Koseki, Sara Abedini, Masahide Motokawa, Tadashi Fujita, Junji Ohtani, Toshitsugu Kawata, and Kazuo Tanne","volume":"82","author":"Bai\n              D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bai\n              D. \n          \n          Re: Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage by Masato Kaku, Shunichi Kojima, Hiromi Sumi, Hiroyuki Koseki, Sara Abedini, Masahide Motokawa, Tadashi Fujita, Junji Ohtani, Toshitsugu Kawata, and Kazuo Tanne. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:170\u2013177. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:573\u2013573."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b11","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"191","article-title":"Orthognathic surgery: a hierarchy of stability","volume":"11","author":"Profitt\n              WR,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Profitt\n              WR, \n            \n              Turvey\n              TA, \n            \n              Phillips\n              C. \n          \n          Orthognathic surgery: a hierarchy of stability. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1996;11:191\u2013204."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"564","article-title":"Molar height and dentoalveolar compensation in adult subjects with skeletal open bite","volume":"81","author":"Kucera\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kucera\n              J, \n            \n              Marek\n              I, \n            \n              Tycova\n              H, \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T. \n          \n          Molar height and dentoalveolar compensation in adult subjects with skeletal open bite. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:564\u2013569."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","article-title":"Molar height and incisor inclinations on adult subjects with skeletal open bite class II and III","author":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n\n              LE,","year":"In press","unstructured":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n\n              LE, \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C. \n          \n          Molar height and incisor inclinations on adult subjects with skeletal open bite class II and III. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. In press."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b14","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction","volume":"17","author":"Sugawara\n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              J, \n            \n              Baik\n              UB, \n            \n              Umemori\n              M, \n            et al. \n          Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:243\u2013253."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"89","article-title":"Multiloop edgewise archwire in the treatment of a patient with an anterior open bite and a long face","volume":"138","author":"Ribeiro\n              GL,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ribeiro\n              GL, \n            \n              Regis\n              S\n              Jr, \n            \n              da Cunha\n              TM, \n            \n              Sabatoski\n              MA, \n            \n              Guariza-Filho\n              O, \n            \n              Tanaka\n              OM. \n          \n          Multiloop edgewise archwire in the treatment of a patient with an anterior open bite and a long face. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:89\u201395."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti\n              T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T, \n            \n              Franchi\n              L, \n            \n              McNamara\n              J. \n          \n          The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:119\u2013129."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b17","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"269","article-title":"Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery","volume":"36","author":"Burstone\n              CJ,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Burstone\n              CJ, \n            \n              James\n              RB, \n            \n              Legan\n              H, \n            \n              Murphy\n              GA, \n            \n              Norton\n              LA. \n          \n          Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1978;36:269\u2013277."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"396.e1","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"138","author":"Baek\n              MS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek\n              MS, \n            \n              Choi\n              YJ, \n            \n              Yu\n              HS, \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Kwak\n              J, \n            \n              Park\n              YC. \n          \n          Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:396.e1\u20139."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"75","article-title":"Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Schudy\n              FF.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Schudy\n              FF. \n          \n          Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment. Angle Orthod. 1964;34:75\u201393."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"128","article-title":"Vertical proportions: a guide for prognosis and treatment in anterior open-bite","volume":"72","author":"Nahoum\n              HI.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nahoum\n              HI. \n          \n          Vertical proportions: a guide for prognosis and treatment in anterior open-bite. Am J Orthod. 1977;72:128\u2013146."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"395","article-title":"Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning: part II","volume":"103","author":"Arnett\n              W,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arnett\n              W, \n            \n              Bergman\n              R. \n          \n          Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning: part II. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:395\u2013411."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b22","series-title":"Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity","author":"Proffit\n              WR,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proffit\n              WR, \n            \n              White\n              PR, \n            \n              Sarver\n              DM. \n          \n          Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity. St Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2003."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"443","article-title":"Alveolar and skeletal dimensions associated with overbite","volume":"113","author":"Beckmann\n              SH,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beckmann\n              SH, \n            \n              Kuitert\n              RB, \n            \n              Prahl-Andersen\n              B, \n            \n              Segner\n              D, \n            \n              Tuinzing\n              DB. \n          \n          Alveolar and skeletal dimensions associated with overbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:443\u2013452."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"649","article-title":"Dentoalveolar compensation in subjects with vertical skeletal dysplasia","volume":"129","author":"Kuitert\n              R,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kuitert\n              R, \n            \n              Beckmann\n              S, \n            \n              van Loenen\n              M, \n            \n              Tuinzing\n              B, \n            \n              Zentnere\n              A. \n          \n          Dentoalveolar compensation in subjects with vertical skeletal dysplasia. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:649\u2013657."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b01","series-title":"Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent","first-page":"265","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and treatment of excess gingival display","volume":"11","author":"Robbins\n              JW.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robbins\n              JW. \n          \n          Differential diagnosis and treatment of excess gingival display. Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent. 1999;11:265\u2013272."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b02","series-title":"Quintessence Int","first-page":"809","article-title":"Excessive gingival display: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities","volume":"40","author":"Silberberg\n              N,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silberberg\n              N, \n            \n              Smidt\n              A. \n          \n          Excessive gingival display: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Quintessence Int. 2009;40:809\u2013818."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"199","article-title":"The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings","volume":"24","author":"Hunt\n              O,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hunt\n              O, \n            \n              Johnston\n              C, \n            \n              Hepper\n              P, \n            \n              Burden\n              D, \n            \n              Stevenson\n              M. \n          \n          The influence of maxillary gingival exposure on dental attractiveness ratings. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:199\u2013204."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b04","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"18","article-title":"The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Garber\n              DA,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garber\n              DA, \n            \n              Salama\n              MA. \n          \n          The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000. 1996;11:18\u201328."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of excessive gingival display","volume":"127","author":"Polo\n              M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polo\n              M. \n          \n          Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod. 2005;127:214\u2013218."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Some vertical lineaments of lip position","volume":"101","author":"Peck\n              S,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck\n              S, \n            \n              Peck\n              L, \n            \n              Kataja\n              M. \n          \n          Some vertical lineaments of lip position. Am J Orthod. 1992;101:519\u2013524."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage","volume":"82","author":"Kaku\n              M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaku\n              M, \n            \n              Kojima\n              S, \n            \n              Sumi\n              H, \n            et al. \n          Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:170\u2013177."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"317","article-title":"Severe high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smile: a case report","volume":"116","author":"Redlich\n              M,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Redlich\n              M, \n            \n              Mazor\n              Z, \n            \n              Brezniak\n              N. \n          \n          Severe high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and gummy smile: a case report. Am J Orthod. 1999;116:317\u2013320."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Correction of severe vertical maxillary excess with anterior open bite and transverse maxillary deficiency","volume":"72","author":"Conley\n              RS,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Conley\n              RS, \n            \n              Legan\n              HL. \n          \n          Correction of severe vertical maxillary excess with anterior open bite and transverse maxillary deficiency. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:265\u2013274."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"170","article-title":"Re: Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage by Masato Kaku, Shunichi Kojima, Hiromi Sumi, Hiroyuki Koseki, Sara Abedini, Masahide Motokawa, Tadashi Fujita, Junji Ohtani, Toshitsugu Kawata, and Kazuo Tanne","volume":"82","author":"Bai\n              D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bai\n              D. \n          \n          Re: Gummy smile and facial profile correction using miniscrew anchorage by Masato Kaku, Shunichi Kojima, Hiromi Sumi, Hiroyuki Koseki, Sara Abedini, Masahide Motokawa, Tadashi Fujita, Junji Ohtani, Toshitsugu Kawata, and Kazuo Tanne. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:170\u2013177. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:573\u2013573."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b11","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"191","article-title":"Orthognathic surgery: a hierarchy of stability","volume":"11","author":"Profitt\n              WR,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Profitt\n              WR, \n            \n              Turvey\n              TA, \n            \n              Phillips\n              C. \n          \n          Orthognathic surgery: a hierarchy of stability. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1996;11:191\u2013204."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"564","article-title":"Molar height and dentoalveolar compensation in adult subjects with skeletal open bite","volume":"81","author":"Kucera\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kucera\n              J, \n            \n              Marek\n              I, \n            \n              Tycova\n              H, \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T. \n          \n          Molar height and dentoalveolar compensation in adult subjects with skeletal open bite. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:564\u2013569."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","article-title":"Molar height and incisor inclinations on adult subjects with skeletal open bite class II and III","author":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n\n              LE,","year":"In press","unstructured":"Arriola-Guill\u00e9n\n              LE, \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C. \n          \n          Molar height and incisor inclinations on adult subjects with skeletal open bite class II and III. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. In press."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b14","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction","volume":"17","author":"Sugawara\n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              J, \n            \n              Baik\n              UB, \n            \n              Umemori\n              M, \n            et al. \n          Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:243\u2013253."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"89","article-title":"Multiloop edgewise archwire in the treatment of a patient with an anterior open bite and a long face","volume":"138","author":"Ribeiro\n              GL,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ribeiro\n              GL, \n            \n              Regis\n              S\n              Jr, \n            \n              da Cunha\n              TM, \n            \n              Sabatoski\n              MA, \n            \n              Guariza-Filho\n              O, \n            \n              Tanaka\n              OM. \n          \n          Multiloop edgewise archwire in the treatment of a patient with an anterior open bite and a long face. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:89\u201395."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti\n              T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T, \n            \n              Franchi\n              L, \n            \n              McNamara\n              J. \n          \n          The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:119\u2013129."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b17","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"269","article-title":"Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery","volume":"36","author":"Burstone\n              CJ,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Burstone\n              CJ, \n            \n              James\n              RB, \n            \n              Legan\n              H, \n            \n              Murphy\n              GA, \n            \n              Norton\n              LA. \n          \n          Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg. 1978;36:269\u2013277."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"396.e1","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"138","author":"Baek\n              MS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek\n              MS, \n            \n              Choi\n              YJ, \n            \n              Yu\n              HS, \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Kwak\n              J, \n            \n              Park\n              YC. \n          \n          Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:396.e1\u20139."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"75","article-title":"Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Schudy\n              FF.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Schudy\n              FF. \n          \n          Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment. Angle Orthod. 1964;34:75\u201393."},{"key":"angl-86-03-14-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"128","article-title":"Vertical proportions: a guide for prognosis and treatment in anterior open-bite","volume":"72","author":"Nahoum\n              HI.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nahoum\n              HI. \n          \n          Vertical proportions: a guide for prognosis and treatment in anterior open-bite. 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