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In this study, we demonstrated a growth-promoting effect of CTGF on cultured hyalocytes and bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells (BRPEs) with the induction of p44\/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and [3H]thymidine incorporation. CTGF also stimulated the synthesis of fibronectin by hyalocytes and BRPEs without significant effect on collagen gel contraction by these cells. On the other hand, CTGF had no direct effects on the proliferation, migration, or in vitro tube formation by vascular endothelial cells. Nevertheless, CTGF promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression by hyalocytes and BRPEs. Although the concentrations of both CTGF and VEGF in the human vitreous samples with proliferative vitreoretinal diseases were elevated, there was no significant correlation between these concentrations. These findings indicate that CTGF appears to be involved in the formation of proliferative membranes without direct regulation of their cicatricial contraction in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal diseases. Whereas CTGF might have no direct effects or minimal effects, if any, on retinal neovascularization, it is possible that CTGF has indirect effects by modulating the expression of VEGF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T16:48:34Z","timestamp":1177951714000},"page":"1421-1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Functional Characteristics of Connective Tissue Growth Factor on Vitreoretinal Cells"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031210503525000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, Ferris FL III, Klein R: Diabetic retinopathy. 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