{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:30:21Z","timestamp":1791142221324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Ghrelin is a gut-derived peptide and an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor. Exogenous ghrelin stimulates the release of GH (potently) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (moderately). Ghrelin is also orexigenic, but its impact on substrate metabolism is controversial. We aimed to study direct effects of ghrelin on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in human subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Six healthy men underwent ghrelin (5 pmol \u00b7 kg\u22121 \u00b7 min\u22121) and saline infusions in a double-blind, cross-over study to study GH signaling proteins in muscle. To circumvent effects of endogenous GH and ACTH, we performed a similar study in eight hypopituitary adults but replaced with GH and hydrocortisone. The methods included a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, muscle biopsies, microdialysis, and indirect calorimetry.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014In healthy subjects, ghrelin-induced GH secretion translated into acute GH receptor signaling in muscle. In the absence of GH and cortisol secretion, ghrelin acutely decreased peripheral, but not hepatic, insulin sensitivity together with stimulation of lipolysis. These effects occurred without detectable suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (an alleged second messenger for ghrelin) in skeletal muscle.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Ghrelin infusion acutely induces lipolysis and insulin resistance independently of GH and cortisol. We hypothesize that the metabolic effects of ghrelin provide a means to partition glucose to glucose-dependent tissues during conditions of energy shortage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,6]],"date-time":"2008-09-06T01:38:28Z","timestamp":1220665108000},"page":"3205-3210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Ghrelin Infusion in Humans Induces Acute Insulin Resistance and Lipolysis Independent of Growth Hormone Signaling"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Esben Thyssen","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Christian","family":"Gormsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sten","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troels Krarup","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Moller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Otto Lunde","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031207460833400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takaya K, Ariyasu H, Kanamoto N, Iwakura H, Yoshimoto A, Harada M, Mori K, Komatsu Y, Usui T, Shimatsu A, Ogawa Y, Hosoda K, Akamizu T, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Nakao K: Ghrelin strongly stimulates growth hormone release in humans. 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