{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:04:48Z","timestamp":1792073088527,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Despite tremendous progress in vitreoretinal surgery, certain postsurgical complications limit the success in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinal diseases (PVDs), such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). One of the most significant complications is the cicatricial contraction of proliferative membranes, resulting in tractional retinal detachment and severe vision loss. Novel pharmaceutical approaches are thus urgently needed for the management of these vision-threatening diseases. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of statins on the progression of PVDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014Human vitreous concentrations of transforming growth factor-\u03b22 (TGF-\u03b22) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TGF-\u03b22\u2013and vitreous-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), a downstream mediator of Rho-kinase pathway, and collagen gel contraction simulating cicatrical contraction were analyzed using cultured hyalocytes. Inhibitory effects of simvastatin on cicatrical contraction were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014Human vitreous concentrations of TGF-\u03b22 were significantly higher in the samples from patients with PVD compared with those without PVD. Simvastatin inhibited TGF-\u03b22\u2013dependent MLC phosphorylation and gel contraction in a dose- and time-dependent manner and was capable of inhibiting translocation of Rho protein to the plasma membrane in the presence of TGF-\u03b22. Vitreous samples from patients with PVD enhanced MLC phosphorylation and gel contraction, whereas simvastatin almost completely inhibited these phenomena. Finally, intravitreal injection of simvastatin dose-dependently prevented the progression of diseased states in an in vivo model of PVR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Statins might have therapeutic potential in the prevention of PVDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,3]],"date-time":"2008-07-03T20:33:46Z","timestamp":1215117226000},"page":"2784-2793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Potent Inhibition of Cicatricial Contraction in Proliferative Vitreoretinal Diseases by Statins"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Enaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadahisa","family":"Kagimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aqumen Biopharmaceuticals, Tenjin, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare at Okawa, Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hafezi-Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031208260586000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastor JC, de la Rua ER, Martin F: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: risk factors and pathobiology. 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