{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:22:39Z","timestamp":1791411759818,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4568,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are used to treat type 2 diabetes, and transient GLP-1 administration improved cardiac function in humans after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous revascularization. However, the consequences of GLP-1R activation before ischemic myocardial injury remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the pathophysiology and outcome of coronary artery occlusion in normal and diabetic mice pretreated with the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male C57BL\/6 mice were treated twice daily for 7 days with liraglutide or saline followed by induction of MI. Survival was significantly higher in liraglutide-treated mice. Liraglutide reduced cardiac rupture (12 of 60 versus 46 of 60; P = 0.0001) and infarct size (21 \u00b1 2% versus 29 \u00b1 3%, P = 0.02) and improved cardiac output (12.4 \u00b1 0.6 versus 9.7 \u00b1 0.6 ml\/min; P = 0.002). Liraglutide also modulated the expression and activity of cardioprotective genes in the mouse heart, including Akt, GSK3\u03b2, PPAR\u03b2-\u03b4, Nrf-2, and HO-1. The effects of liraglutide on survival were independent of weight loss. Moreover, liraglutide conferred cardioprotection and survival advantages over metformin, despite equivalent glycemic control, in diabetic mice with experimental MI. The cardioprotective effects of liraglutide remained detectable 4 days after cessation of therapy and may be partly direct, because liraglutide increased cyclic AMP formation and reduced the extent of caspase-3 activation in cardiomyocytes in a GLP-1R\u2013dependent manner in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that GLP-1R activation engages prosurvival pathways in the normal and diabetic mouse heart, leading to improved outcomes and enhanced survival after MI in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]],"date-time":"2009-01-16T21:47:32Z","timestamp":1232142452000},"page":"975-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":509,"title":["GLP-1R Agonist Liraglutide Activates Cytoprotective Pathways and Improves Outcomes After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Noyan-Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Abdul","family":"Momen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiwon","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al-Muktafi","family":"Sadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mouse Imaging Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Riazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mouse Imaging Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie L.","family":"Baggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Mark","family":"Henkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mouse Imaging Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoor","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Drucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051610230912900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.7.543","article-title":"The preconditioning phenomenon: a tool for the scientist or a clinical reality?","volume":"87","author":"Yellon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022051610230912900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5","article-title":"The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 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