{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:49:25Z","timestamp":1780490965841,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4501,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that uric acid may contribute to the development of hypertension and kidney disease. Whether uric acid has a causal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy is not known. The objective of the present study is to evaluate uric acid as a predictor of persistent micro- and macroalbuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective observational follow-up study consisted of an inception cohort of 277 patients followed from onset of type 1 diabetes. Of these, 270 patients had blood samples taken at baseline. In seven cases, uric acid could not be determined; therefore, 263 patients (156 men) were available for analysis. Uric acid was measured 3 years after onset of diabetes and before any patient developed microalbuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a median follow-up of 18.1 years (range 1.0\u201321.8), 23 of 263 patients developed persistent macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate &amp;gt;300 mg\/24 h in at least two of three consecutive samples). In patients with uric acid levels in the highest quartile (&amp;gt;249 \u03bcmol\/l), the cumulative incidence of persistent macroalbumnuria was 22.3% (95% CI 10.3\u201334.3) compared with 9.5% (3.8\u201315.2) in patients with uric acid in the three lower quartiles (log-rank test, P = 0.006). In a Cox proportional hazards model with sex and age as fixed covariates, uric acid was associated with subsequent development of persistent macroalbuminuria (hazard ratio 2.37 [95% CI 1.04\u20135.37] per 100 \u03bcmol\/l increase in uric acid level; P = 0.04). Adjustment for confounders did not change the estimate significantly.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Uric acid level soon after onset of type 1 diabetes is independently associated with risk for later development of diabetic nephropathy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,2]],"date-time":"2009-05-02T00:45:04Z","timestamp":1241225104000},"page":"1668-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Serum Uric Acid as a Predictor for Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Hovind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark;"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Tarnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Henrik","family":"Parving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031210143442100_B1","author":"United States Renal Data System [Internet]","year":"2008"},{"key":"2022031210143442100_B2","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy","volume-title":"The Kidney","author":"Parving","year":"2004","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"2022031210143442100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0800885","article-title":"Uric acid and cardiovascular risk","volume":"359","author":"Feig","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031210143442100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38070.450891.FE","article-title":"Predictors for the development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes: inception cohort study","volume":"328","author":"Hovind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Med 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