{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:41:43Z","timestamp":1788183703907,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3874,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated the long-term effects of intensive diabetic treatment on the progression of atherosclerosis, measured as common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1,116 participants (52% men) in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) trial, a long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), had carotid IMT measurements at EDIC years 1, 6, and 12. Mean age was 46 years, with diabetes duration of 24.5 years at EDIC year 12. Differences in IMT progression between DCCT intensive and conventional treatment groups were examined, controlling for clinical characteristics, IMT reader, and imaging device.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Common carotid IMT progression from EDIC years 1 to 6 was 0.019 mm less in intensive than in conventional (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and from years 1 to 12 was 0.014 mm less (P = 0.048); but change from years 6 to 12 was similar (intensive \u2212 conventional = 0.005 mm, P = 0.379). Mean A1C levels during DCCT and DCCT\/EDIC were strongly associated with progression of IMT, explaining most of the differences in IMT progression between DCCT treatment groups. Albuminuria, older age, male sex, smoking, and higher systolic blood pressure were significant predictors of IMT progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intensive treatment slowed IMT progression for 6 years after the end of DCCT but did not affect IMT progression thereafter (6\u201312 years). A beneficial effect of prior intensive treatment was still evident 13 years after DCCT ended. These differences were attenuated but not negated after adjusting for blood pressure. These results support the early initiation and continued maintenance of intensive diabetes management in type 1 diabetes to retard atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,26]],"date-time":"2011-01-26T22:03:16Z","timestamp":1296079396000},"page":"607-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness During 12 Years in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT\/EDIC) Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Polak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jye-Yu C.","family":"Backlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita P.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Lachin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the DCCT\/EDIC Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031223355685400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0120-4","article-title":"All-cause mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with a non-diabetic population from the UK general practice research database, 1992-1999","volume":"49","author":"Soedamah-Muthu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.6.1250","article-title":"Mortality during 25 years of follow-up of a cohort with diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1433","article-title":"High risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes in the U.K.: a cohort study using the general practice research database","volume":"29","author":"Soedamah-Muthu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.03.004","article-title":"Arterial wall thickening and stiffening in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"74","author":"Atabek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2868","article-title":"Age of onset of type 1 diabetes in children and carotid intima medial thickness","volume":"92","author":"Dalla Pozza","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2005.07.012","article-title":"Carotid artery intima-media complex thickening in patients with relatively long-surviving type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Distiller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.06.042","article-title":"Early onset of subclinical atherosclerosis in young persons with type 1 diabetes","volume":"145","author":"Krantz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022031223355685400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.6.1004","article-title":"Carotid atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults with IDDM. 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