{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:22:16Z","timestamp":1791332536831,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3240,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), secondary to AGPAT2 mutation is characterized by the absence of adipocytes and development of severe insulin resistance. In the current study, we investigated the adipogenic defect associated with AGPAT2 mutations. Adipogenesis was studied in muscle-derived multipotent cells (MDMCs) isolated from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained from controls and subjects harboring AGPAT2 mutations and in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after knockdown or overexpression of AGPAT2. We demonstrate an adipogenic defect using MDMCs from control and CGL human subjects with mutated AGPAT2. This defect was rescued in CGL MDMCs with a retrovirus expressing AGPAT2. Both CGL-derived MDMCs and 3T3-L1 cells with knockdown of AGPAT2 demonstrated an increase in cell death after induction of adipogenesis. Lack of AGPAT2 activity reduces Akt activation, and overexpression of constitutively active Akt can partially restore lipogenesis. AGPAT2 modulated the levels of phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol species, as well as the peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) inhibitor cyclic phosphatidic acid. The PPAR\u03b3 agonist pioglitazone partially rescued the adipogenic defect in CGL cells. We conclude that AGPAT2 regulates adipogenesis through the modulation of the lipome, altering normal activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)\/Akt and PPAR\u03b3 pathways in the early stages of adipogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T01:21:26Z","timestamp":1344388886000},"page":"2922-2931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Alterations in Lipid Signaling Underlie Lipodystrophy Secondary to AGPAT2 Mutations"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Subauste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Treutelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Oral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Leff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Burant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 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