{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:11:43Z","timestamp":1791418303793,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2724,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>GLP-1 is an intestinal hormone with widespread actions on metabolism. Therapies based on GLP-1 are highly effective because they increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion in people with type 2 diabetes, but many reports suggest that GLP-1 has additional beneficial or, in some cases, potentially dangerous actions on other tissues, including the heart, vasculature, exocrine pancreas, liver, and central nervous system. Identifying which tissues express the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) is critical for the development of GLP-1\u2013based therapies. Our objective was to use a method independent of GLP1R antibodies to identify and characterize the targets of GLP-1 in mice. Using newly generated glp1r-Cre mice crossed with fluorescent reporter strains, we show that major sites of glp1r expression include pancreatic \u03b2- and \u03b4-cells, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac atrium, gastric antrum\/pylorus, enteric neurones, and vagal and dorsal root ganglia. In the central nervous system, glp1r-fluorescent cells were abundant in the area postrema, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and ventromedial hypothalamus. Sporadic glp1r-fluorescent cells were found in pancreatic ducts. No glp1r-fluorescence was observed in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Enteric and vagal neurons positive for glp1r were activated by GLP-1 and may contribute to intestinal and central responses to locally released GLP-1, such as regulation of intestinal secretomotor activity and appetite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T00:13:59Z","timestamp":1386029639000},"page":"1224-1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":443,"title":["Identification and Characterization of GLP-1 Receptor\u2013Expressing Cells Using a New Transgenic Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice E.","family":"Adriaenssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Cork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College 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