{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:58:55Z","timestamp":1788382735135,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":311,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["000505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoplastic coronary artery disease is a congenital coronary artery malformation associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of hypoplastic coronary artery disease remain undefined. Pregestational diabetes increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the risk of congenital heart defects. We show that pregestational diabetes in mice induced by streptozotocin significantly increased 4-hydroxynonenal production and decreased coronary artery volume in fetal hearts. Pregestational diabetes also impaired epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as shown by analyses of the epicardium, epicardial-derived cells, and fate mapping. Additionally, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 (Hif-1\u03b1), Snail1, Slug, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFgf), and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh1a2) was decreased and E-cadherin expression was increased in the hearts of fetuses of diabetic mothers. Of note, these abnormalities were all rescued by treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in diabetic females during gestation. Ex vivo analysis showed that high glucose levels inhibited epicardial EMT, which was reversed by NAC treatment. We conclude that pregestational diabetes in mice can cause coronary artery malformation through ROS signaling. This study may provide a rationale for further clinical studies to investigate whether pregestational diabetes could cause hypoplastic coronary artery disease in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T05:02:01Z","timestamp":1416891721000},"page":"1431-1443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Pregestational Diabetes Induces Fetal Coronary Artery Malformation via Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Hoda","family":"Moazzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangru","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingping","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031300410063800_B1"},{"key":"2022031300410063800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183216","article-title":"Noninherited risk factors and congenital cardiovascular defects: current knowledge: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics","volume":"115","author":"Jenkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031300410063800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22886","article-title":"Spectrum of congenital anomalies in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes","volume":"94","author":"Garne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"2022031300410063800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-010-3244-3","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. 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