{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:20:07Z","timestamp":1791148807619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":337,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DK092456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DK092456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DK098350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DK098350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurogenin3 (NEUROG3) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for development of the endocrine pancreas in mice. In contrast, humans with NEUROG3 mutations are born with endocrine pancreas function, calling into question whether NEUROG3 is required for human endocrine pancreas development. To test this directly, we generated human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines where both alleles of NEUROG3 were disrupted using CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated gene targeting. NEUROG3\u2212\/\u2212 hESC lines efficiently formed pancreatic progenitors but lacked detectible NEUROG3 protein and did not form endocrine cells in vitro. Moreover, NEUROG3\u2212\/\u2212 hESC lines were unable to form mature pancreatic endocrine cells after engraftment of PDX1+\/NKX6.1+ pancreatic progenitors into mice. In contrast, a 75\u201390% knockdown of NEUROG3 caused a reduction, but not a loss, of pancreatic endocrine cell development. We conclude that NEUROG3 is essential for endocrine pancreas development in humans and that as little as 10% NEUROG3 is sufficient for formation of pancreatic endocrine cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T22:27:17Z","timestamp":1423002437000},"page":"2497-2505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor NEUROG3 Is Required for Development of the Human Endocrine Pancreas"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carey L.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric General 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