{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:31:39Z","timestamp":1740144699022,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":251,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL-052779","HL-055782","HL-077192","HL-087986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL-052779","HL-055782","HL-077192","HL-087986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The hypothesis that plasma prekallikrein (PK) is a risk factor for the development of vascular complications was assessed in a study using the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)\/Epidemiology and Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes. The circulating levels of plasma PK activity were measured in the plasma of 636 subjects with type 1 diabetes (EDIC years 3\u20135). Common and internal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by B-mode ultrasonography in EDIC years 1 and 6. Plasma PK levels were positively and significantly associated with BMI, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides but not with age, sex, duration of diabetes, or HDL cholesterol. Univariate and multivariable statistical models after controlling for other risk factors consistently demonstrated a positive association between plasma PK and progression of internal carotid IMT. Multivariate analysis using a general linear model showed plasma PK to be significantly associated with progression of both internal and combined IMT (Wilks \u039b P value of 0.005). In addition, the mean internal carotid IMT levels were higher in subjects with plasma PK levels in the highest 10th percentile compared with subjects with plasma PK levels in the lower 10th percentile (P = 0.048). These novel findings implicate plasma PK as a risk factor for vascular disease in type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T03:53:30Z","timestamp":1448423610000},"page":"498-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plasma Prekallikrein Is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Miran A.","family":"Jaffa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Luttrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvin H.","family":"Schmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"},{"name":"Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lopes-Virella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis M.","family":"Luttrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayad A.","family":"Jaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the DCCT\/EDIC Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031303535602100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146","article-title":"Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"473","author":"Libby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1963","article-title":"Uncomplicating the macrovascular complications of diabetes: the 2014 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture","volume":"64","author":"Bornfeldt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.10.3819","article-title":"Contact system: a vascular biology modulator with anticoagulant, profibrinolytic, antiadhesive, and proinflammatory attributes","volume":"90","author":"Colman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.6.593","article-title":"Decreased flow-dependent dilation in carotid arteries of tissue kallikrein-knockout mice","volume":"88","author":"Bergaya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02770.x","article-title":"The plasma kallikrein-kinin system: its evolution from contact activation","volume":"5","author":"Schmaier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1160\/TH13-03-0258","article-title":"Plasma kallikrein: the bradykinin-producing enzyme","volume":"110","author":"Bj\u00f6rkqvist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040110","article-title":"Cardiac kallikrein-kinin system is upregulated in chronic volume overload and mediates an inflammatory induced collagen loss","volume":"7","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1215","article-title":"Plasma prekallikrein: a risk marker for hypertension and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Jaffa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0316","article-title":"Plasma kallikrein-kinin system and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"394","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35206","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.171769","article-title":"Plasma kallikrein promotes epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and signaling in vascular smooth muscle through direct activation of protease-activated receptors","volume":"285","author":"Abdallah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-01-550285","article-title":"Reduced thrombosis in Klkb1-\/- mice is mediated by increased Mas receptor, prostacyclin, Sirt1, and KLF4 and decreased tissue factor","volume":"125","author":"Stavrou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022031303535602100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.35.5.530","article-title":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). 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