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The change in islet mass in different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as measured by noninvasive imaging is currently unknown. Here, we describe a cross-sectional study where subjects at different stages of T2D development with expected stratification of pancreatic islet mass were examined in relation to individuals without diabetes. The primary outcome was the [11C]5-HTP uptake and retention in pancreas, as a surrogate marker for the endogenous islet mass. We found that metabolic testing indicated a progressive loss of \u03b2-cell function, but this was not mirrored by a decrease in [11C]5-HTP tracer accumulation in the pancreas. This provides evidence of retained islet mass despite decreased \u03b2-cell function. The results herein indicate that \u03b2-cell dedifferentiation, and not necessarily endocrine cell loss, constitutes a major cause of \u03b2-cell failure in T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T01:20:10Z","timestamp":1488331210000},"page":"1286-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["[11C]5-hydroxy-tryptophan PET for Assessment of Islet Mass During Progression of Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"66","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02967354","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Carlbom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 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