{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:35:50Z","timestamp":1788467750047,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinal neuronal abnormalities occur before vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that neurons control vascular pathology in diabetic and other neovascular retinal diseases. Therefore, normalizing neuronal activity in diabetes may prevent vascular pathology. We investigated whether fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) prevented retinal neuronal dysfunction in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. We found that in diabetic neural retina, photoreceptor rather than inner retinal function was most affected and administration of the long-acting FGF21 analog PF-05231023 restored the retinal neuronal functional deficits detected by electroretinography. PF-05231023 administration protected against diabetes-induced disorganization of photoreceptor segments seen in retinal cross section with immunohistochemistry and attenuated the reduction in the thickness of photoreceptor segments measured by optical coherence tomography. PF-05231023, independent of its downstream metabolic modulator adiponectin, reduced inflammatory marker interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) mRNA levels. PF-05231023 activated the AKT-nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 pathway and reduced IL-1\u03b2 expression in stressed photoreceptors. PF-05231023 administration did not change retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of early diabetic retinopathy by protecting photoreceptor function in diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T20:20:20Z","timestamp":1519762820000},"page":"974-985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Protects Photoreceptor Function in Type 1 Diabetic Mice"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hsiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertan","family":"Cakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffael","family":"Liegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel B.","family":"Burnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubi","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Poblete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve S.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saswata","family":"Talukdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Akula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Hellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lois E.H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031303453069500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.100542","article-title":"The worldwide epidemic of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"60","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.13","article-title":"A review of anti-VEGF agents for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"28","author":"Osaadon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B3","first-page":"319692","article-title":"Role of electrophysiology in the early diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy","volume-title":"J Diabetes Res","author":"Pescosolido","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B4","first-page":"2474","article-title":"Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and diabetic retinopathy","volume-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta","author":"Kowluru","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523802194028","article-title":"Photoreceptor inner segments in monkey and human retina: mitochondrial density, optics, and regional variation","volume":"19","author":"Hoang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314575110","article-title":"Photoreceptor cells are major contributors to diabetes-induced oxidative stress and local inflammation in the retina","volume":"110","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19415","article-title":"Photoreceptor cells influence retinal vascular degeneration in mouse models of retinal degeneration and diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181329198","article-title":"An anti-angiogenic state in mice and humans with retinal photoreceptor cell degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Lahdenranta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.062","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-21 regulates PPAR\u03b3 activity and the antidiabetic actions of thiazolidinediones","volume":"148","author":"Dutchak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.10.002","article-title":"Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15\/19 and FGF21","volume":"26","author":"Owen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0413-9","article-title":"Basal and postprandial change in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 concentration in type 1 diabetic mellitus and in healthy controls","volume":"48","author":"Zibar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E54","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1930","article-title":"Distinct changes in serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in different subtypes of diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.02.022","article-title":"Protective effect of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-induced testicular apoptotic cell death probably via both mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathways in the mouse model","volume":"219","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082275","article-title":"Attenuation of hyperlipidemia- and diabetes-induced early-stage apoptosis and late-stage renal dysfunction via administration of fibroblast growth factor-21 is associated with suppression of renal inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.002","article-title":"Up-regulation of Nrf2 is involved in FGF21-mediated fenofibrate protection against type 1 diabetic nephropathy","volume":"93","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B16","first-page":"7469326","article-title":"Nrf2 is an attractive therapeutic target for retinal diseases","volume-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev","author":"Nakagami","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.01.014","article-title":"FGF21 administration suppresses retinal and choroidal neovascularization in mice","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B18","first-page":"106594","article-title":"Animal models of diabetic retinopathy: summary and comparison","volume-title":"J Diabetes Res","author":"Lai","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019111","article-title":"A quantitative account of the activation steps involved in phototransduction in amphibian photoreceptors","volume":"449","author":"Lamb","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00026-8","article-title":"On-bipolar cells and depolarising third-order neurons as the origin of the ERG-b-wave in the RCS rat","volume":"41","author":"Wurziger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800009408","article-title":"Response linearity and kinetics of the cat retina: the bipolar cell component of the dark-adapted electroretinogram","volume":"12","author":"Robson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(78)90119-0","article-title":"The human rod ERG: correlation with psychophysical responses in light and dark adaptation","volume":"18","author":"Fulton","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523804214043","article-title":"Origins of the electroretinogram oscillatory potentials in the rabbit retina","volume":"21","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1461","article-title":"Study of rod- and cone-driven oscillatory potentials in mice","volume":"47","author":"Lei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5788","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0881","article-title":"The oscillatory potentials of the dark-adapted electroretinogram in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"48","author":"Akula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B26","first-page":"2499","article-title":"The neurovascular relation in oxygen-induced retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Akula","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119513469","volume-title":"Applied Longitudinal Analysis","author":"Fitzmaurice","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162ra153","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004690","article-title":"Treating diabetes and obesity with an FGF21-mimetic antibody activating the \u03b2Klotho\/FGFR1c receptor complex","volume":"4","author":"Foltz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.08.002","article-title":"\u03b2Klotho is required for fibroblast growth factor 21 effects on growth and metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.09.004","article-title":"The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"56","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800009275","article-title":"A computational model of the amplitude and implicit time of the b-wave of the human ERG","volume":"8","author":"Hood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41820-5","article-title":"Cone arrestin identified by targeting expression of a functional family","volume":"269","author":"Craft","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16647","article-title":"Visual cone arrestin 4 contributes to visual function and cone health","volume":"56","author":"Deming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19859","article-title":"Photoreceptor cells produce inflammatory mediators that contribute to endothelial cell death in diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Tonade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1476fje","article-title":"A central role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"18","author":"Joussen","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1032","article-title":"Effect of IL-1beta on survival and energy metabolism of R28 and RGC-5 retinal neurons","volume":"49","author":"Abcouwer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0633","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1beta in the development of retinopathy in rats: effect of antioxidants","volume":"45","author":"Kowluru","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036949","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 is upregulated in the diabetic retina and retinal vessels: cell-specific effect of high glucose and IL-1\u03b2 autostimulation","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9090-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Madsen-Bouterse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12312","article-title":"Photoreceptors in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"6","author":"Kern","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79735","article-title":"NRF2 promotes neuronal survival in neurodegeneration and acute nerve damage","volume":"125","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1099","article-title":"Essential roles of the PI3 kinase\/Akt pathway in regulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant functions in the RPE","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0384-x","article-title":"Antioxidants and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.05.026","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11624","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11624","article-title":"Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.04.019","article-title":"Paraquat induces oxidative stress and neuronal cell death; neuroprotection by water-soluble Coenzyme Q10","volume":"201","author":"McCarthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.2.712","article-title":"NF-kappa B regulates IL-1 beta transcription through a consensus NF-kappa B binding site and a nonconsensus CRE-like site","volume":"153","author":"Cogswell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-12-0074","article-title":"Perifosine-mediated Akt inhibition in neuroendocrine tumor cells: role of specific Akt isoforms","volume":"19","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.005","article-title":"Adiponectin mediates the metabolic effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.019","article-title":"An FGF21-adiponectin-ceramide axis controls energy expenditure and insulin action in mice","volume":"17","author":"Holland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B52","first-page":"1392","article-title":"Review: adiponectin in retinopathy","volume-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta","author":"Fu","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S9078","article-title":"Energy metabolism of the visual system","volume":"2","author":"Wong-Riley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.10.029","article-title":"ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light","volume":"18","author":"Okawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-008-9127-8","article-title":"Retinal degenerative and hypoxic ischemic disease","volume":"118","author":"Fulton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0204","article-title":"Rod photoreceptor function predicts blood vessel abnormality in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"48","author":"Akula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4059","article-title":"Retinal lipid and glucose metabolism dictates angiogenesis through the lipid sensor Ffar1","volume":"22","author":"Joyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.02.001","article-title":"A long-acting FGF21 molecule, PF-05231023, decreases body weight and improves lipid profile in non-human primates and type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"23","author":"Talukdar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.194506","article-title":"Adiponectin suppresses pathological microvessel formation in retina through modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression","volume":"104","author":"Higuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.099291","article-title":"Dietary \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease retinal neovascularization by adipose-endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction to increase adiponectin","volume":"101","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0595","article-title":"Circulating FGF21 is liver derived and enhances glucose uptake during refeeding and overfeeding","volume":"63","author":"Markan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-67","article-title":"Activation of Liver FGF21 in hepatocarcinogenesis and during hepatic stress","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.09.008","article-title":"Fructose ingestion acutely stimulates circulating FGF21 levels in humans","volume":"4","author":"Dushay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.10.007","article-title":"The fasting polypeptide FGF21 can enter brain from blood","volume":"28","author":"Hsuchou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3249","article-title":"FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Bookout","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.12.008","article-title":"FGF21 regulates sweet and alcohol preference","volume":"23","author":"Talukdar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000455809","article-title":"The blood-retinal barrier in the management of retinal disease: EURETINA award lecture","volume":"237","author":"Cunha-Vaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.02.001","article-title":"Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions","volume":"34","author":"Klaassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"2022031303453069500_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21568","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.655555","article-title":"Retinylamine benefits early diabetic retinopathy in mice","volume":"290","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/diabetes.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/db17-0830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.org\/diabetes\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/67\/5\/974\/538730\/db170830.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/67\/5\/974\/538730\/db170830.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T05:53:05Z","timestamp":1693547585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/67\/5\/974\/39933\/Fibroblast-Growth-Factor-21-Protects-Photoreceptor"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db17-0830","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]]}}}