{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:40:49Z","timestamp":1792572049177,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately 10% of patients with type 2 diabetes suffer from latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This study provides a systematic assessment of the pathology of the endocrine pancreas of patients with LADA and for comparison in a first rat model mimicking the characteristics of patients with LADA. Islets in human and rat pancreases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for immune cell infiltrate composition, by in situ RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR of laser microdissected islets for gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 10, and the apoptosis markers caspase 3 and TUNEL as well as insulin. Human and rat LADA pancreases showed differences in areas of the pancreas with respect to immune cell infiltration and a changed ratio between the number of macrophages and CD8 T cells toward macrophages in the islet infiltrate. Gene expression analyses revealed a changed ratio due to an increase of IL-1\u03b2 and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. IL-10, PCNA, and insulin expression were increased in the LADA situation, whereas caspase 3 gene expression was reduced. The analyses into the underlying pathology in human as well as rat LADA pancreases provided identical results, allowing the conclusion that LADA is a milder form of autoimmune diabetes in patients of an advanced age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T04:45:15Z","timestamp":1579841115000},"page":"624-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pancreas Pathology of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) in Patients and in a LADA Rat Model Compared With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0176-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"J\u00f6rns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wedekind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"J\u00e4hne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Diakovere, Henriettenstift, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigurd","family":"Lenzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031303301885200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S002","article-title":"2. 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