{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:22:56Z","timestamp":1781248976344,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":98,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL-130146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL-130146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK-095132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-095132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK-113007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-113007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001440","name":"ADA Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\u201316-IBS-272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\u201316-IBS-272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To ensure fetal lipid supply, maternal blood triglyceride (TG) concentrations are robustly elevated during pregnancy. Interestingly, a lower increase in maternal blood TG concentrations has been observed in some obese mothers. We have shown that high-fat (HF) feeding during pregnancy significantly reduces maternal blood TG levels. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate if and how obesity alters maternal blood TG levels. Maternal obesity was established by prepregnant HF (ppHF) feeding, which avoided the dietary effect during pregnancy. We found not only that maternal blood TG concentrations in ppHF dams were remarkably lower than in control dams but also that the TG peak occurred earlier during gestation. Hepatic TG production and intestinal TG absorption were unchanged in ppHF dams, but systemic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was increased, suggesting that increased blood TG clearance contributes to the decreased blood TG concentrations in ppHF dams. Although significantly higher levels of UCP1 protein were observed in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of ppHF dams, Ucp1 gene deletion did not restore blood TG concentrations in ppHF dams. Expression of the angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a potent endogenous LPL inhibitor, was significantly increased during pregnancy. However, the pregnancy-induced elevation of blood TG was almost abolished in Angptl4\u2212\/\u2212 dams. Compared with control dams, Angptl4 mRNA levels were significantly lower in iBAT, gonadal white adipose tissue, and livers of ppHF dams. Importantly, ectopic overexpression of ANGPTL4 restored maternal blood TG concentrations in ppHF dams. Together, these results indicate that ANGPTL4 plays a vital role in increasing maternal blood TG concentrations during pregnancy. Obesity impairs the rise of maternal blood TG concentrations by reducing ANGPTL4 expression in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1581565762000},"page":"1100-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Obesity Reduces Maternal Blood Triglyceride Concentrations by Reducing Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Expression in Mice"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwetha K.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Spitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Sebastien","family":"Wattez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon S.J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031303073363500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161206","article-title":"Maternal blood lipid profile during pregnancy and associations with child adiposity: findings from the ROLO study","volume":"11","author":"Geraghty","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37617-3","article-title":"Longitudinal study on lipoprotein profile, high density lipoprotein subclass, and postheparin lipases during gestation in women","volume":"37","author":"Alvarez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.15","article-title":"Maternal obesity and metabolic risk to the offspring: why lifestyle interventions may have not achieved the desired outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Catalano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.43","article-title":"Maternal serum lipids during pregnancy and infant birth weight: the influence of prepregnancy BMI","volume":"19","author":"Misra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29971","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29971","article-title":"The impact of preconceptional obesity on trajectories of maternal lipids during gestation","volume":"6","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0039","article-title":"Maternal lipids as strong determinants of fetal environment and growth in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Schaefer-Graf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0723","article-title":"Continuous glucose profiles in obese and normal-weight pregnant women on a controlled diet: metabolic determinants of fetal growth","volume":"34","author":"Harmon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01328-X","article-title":"Maternal serum triglyceride at 24--32 weeks\u2019 gestation and newborn weight in nondiabetic women with positive diabetic screens","volume":"97","author":"Kitajima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22246","article-title":"Postprandial triglycerides predict newborn fat more strongly than glucose in women with obesity in early pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Barbour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2445","article-title":"Maternal lipids are as important as glucose for fetal growth: findings from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study","volume":"36","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3481","article-title":"Maternal obesity is associated with the formation of small dense LDL and hypoadiponectinemia in the third trimester","volume":"98","author":"Meyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20576","article-title":"The impact of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain on early and mid-pregnancy lipid profiles","volume":"22","author":"Scifres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.188","article-title":"Maternal obesity modulates intracellular lipid turnover in the human term placenta","volume":"41","author":"Hirschmugl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13293","article-title":"Lipid changes throughout pregnancy according to pre-pregnancy BMI: results from a prospective cohort","volume":"123","author":"Farias","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1627","article-title":"Maternal high-fat feeding increases placental lipoprotein lipase activity by reducing SIRT1 expression in mice","volume":"64","author":"Qiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33742","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203215200","article-title":"ANGPTL3 decreases very low density lipoprotein triglyceride clearance by inhibition of lipoprotein lipase","volume":"277","author":"Shimizugawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0476","article-title":"Transgenic angiopoietin-like (angptl)4 overexpression and targeted disruption of angptl4 and angptl3: regulation of triglyceride metabolism","volume":"146","author":"K\u00f6ster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604026103","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like protein 4 converts lipoprotein lipase to inactive monomers and modulates lipase activity in adipose tissue","volume":"103","author":"Sukonina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.03.013","article-title":"Physiological regulation of lipoprotein lipase","volume":"1841","author":"Kersten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28488","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004029200","article-title":"Characterization of the fasting-induced adipose factor FIAF, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor target gene","volume":"275","author":"Kersten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400889111","article-title":"Fatty acid-inducible ANGPTL4 governs lipid metabolic response to exercise","volume":"111","author":"Catoire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5343","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.14.5343-5349.2000","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 target gene encoding a novel angiopoietin-related protein associated with adipose differentiation","volume":"20","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307583200","article-title":"Oligomerization and regulated proteolytic processing of angiopoietin-like protein 4","volume":"279","author":"Ge","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13213","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900553200","article-title":"Genetic variation in ANGPTL4 provides insights into protein processing and function","volume":"284","author":"Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500005-JLR200","article-title":"Differential regulation and properties of angiopoietin-like proteins 3 and 4","volume":"46","author":"Ge","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0158","article-title":"Fasting-induced adipose factor identified as a key adipokine that is up-regulated in white adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation in the rat","volume":"194","author":"Josephs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136701","article-title":"Circulating betatrophin is strongly increased in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Trebotic","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.008","article-title":"Betatrophin: a hormone that controls pancreatic \u03b2 cell proliferation [retracted in: Cell 2017;168:326]","volume":"153","author":"Yi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.06.007","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like 4 directs uptake of dietary fat away from adipose during fasting","volume":"6","author":"Cushing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0592-6","article-title":"Obesity-associated inflammation promotes angiogenesis and breast cancer via angiopoietin-like 4","volume":"38","author":"Kolb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1096","article-title":"Adiponectin deficiency impairs maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy in mice","volume":"66","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0435","article-title":"Adiponectin reduces plasma triglyceride by increasing VLDL triglyceride catabolism","volume":"57","author":"Qiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0118586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118586","article-title":"Both food restriction and high-fat diet during gestation induce low birth weight and altered physical activity in adult rat offspring: the \u201cSimilarities in the Inequalities\u201d model","volume":"10","author":"Cunha","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L360","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00105.2015","article-title":"Maternal high-fat diet is associated with impaired fetal lung development","volume":"309","author":"Mayor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0188-3","article-title":"Expression of epigenetic machinery genes is sensitive to maternal obesity and weight loss in relation to fetal growth in mice","volume":"8","author":"Panchenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.09.006","article-title":"The effects of an obesogenic diet during pregnancy on fetal growth and placental gene expression are gestation dependent","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3928","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-234823","article-title":"An obesogenic diet during mouse pregnancy modifies maternal nutrient partitioning and the fetal growth trajectory","volume":"27","author":"Sferruzzi-Perri","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033370","article-title":"Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes associated with a life-long high fat diet: role of altered development of the placental vasculature","volume":"7","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3466-7","article-title":"Pre-gestational vs gestational exposure to maternal obesity differentially programs the offspring in mice","volume":"58","author":"Sasson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.06.012","article-title":"Maternal high-fat diet acts as a stressor increasing maternal glucocorticoids\u2019 signaling to the fetus and disrupting maternal behavior and brain activation in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"60","author":"Bellisario","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600283-JLR200","article-title":"Chronic high-fat diet affects intestinal fat absorption and postprandial triglyceride levels in the mouse","volume":"48","author":"Petit","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2297","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance","volume":"17","author":"Bartelt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00192.2018","article-title":"Regulatory effects of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis on maternal metabolic adaptation, placental efficiency, and fetal growth in mice","volume":"315","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(70)90044-5","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose and mammary tissue and plasma triglyceride in pregnant and lactating rats","volume":"210","author":"Hamosh","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B45","first-page":"E930","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activity and mRNA in rat adipose tissue during pregnancy","volume":"266","author":"Martin-Hidalgo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29731-w","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is related to gestational weight gain in pregnant women with obesity","volume":"8","author":"Ortega-Senovilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ng814","article-title":"Angptl3 regulates lipid metabolism in mice","volume":"30","author":"Koishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19751","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217552109","article-title":"Atypical angiopoietin-like protein that regulates ANGPTL3","volume":"109","author":"Quagliarini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.07.038","article-title":"Lipasin, a novel nutritionally-regulated liver-enriched factor that regulates serum triglyceride levels","volume":"424","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E334","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00084.2012","article-title":"Identification of RIFL, a novel adipocyte-enriched insulin target gene with a role in lipid metabolism","volume":"303","author":"Ren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303073363500_B51","first-page":"70","article-title":"Rare loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL family members contribute to plasma triglyceride levels in humans","volume":"119","author":"Romeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/diabetes.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/db19-1181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.org\/diabetes\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/69\/6\/1100\/508840\/db191181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/69\/6\/1100\/508840\/db191181.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T16:40:05Z","timestamp":1667407205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/69\/6\/1100\/39579\/Obesity-Reduces-Maternal-Blood-Triglyceride"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db19-1181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]}}}