{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:46:42Z","timestamp":1792201602309,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["273252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>South Asian women have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than Nordic women; however, the mechanisms behind this difference remain unclear. We investigated insulin sensitivity, \u03b2-cell function, and hepatic insulin clearance in 179 South Asian and 108 Nordic women \u223c17 months after GDM (mean age 35.3 years, BMI 29.1 kg\/m2) by oral glucose tolerance test using deconvolution of C-peptide kinetics. Thirty-one percent of South Asian and 53% of Nordic participants were normoglycemic at the time of measurement. South Asian women had higher areas under the curve (AUCs) for glucose, prehepatic insulin, and peripheral insulin and lower insulin sensitivity, disposition index, and fasting hepatic insulin clearance than Nordic women. In the group with prediabetes or diabetes, South Asian women had similar AUCs for glucose and prehepatic insulin but a higher AUC for peripheral insulin, lower disposition index, and lower fasting hepatic insulin clearance than Nordic women. The waist-to-height ratio mediated \u223c25\u201340% of the ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity in participants with normoglycemia. Overall, our novel data revealed that South Asian women with normoglycemia after GDM showed lower insulin secretion for a given insulin resistance and lower hepatic insulin clearance than Nordic women. South Asian women are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM, and preventive efforts should be prioritized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T15:09:55Z","timestamp":1663340995000},"page":"2530-2538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["\u03b2-Cell Function, Hepatic Insulin Clearance, and Insulin Sensitivity in South Asian and Nordic Women After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3188-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archana","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"},{"name":"2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindre","family":"Lee-\u00d8deg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Qvigstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"3Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"3Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.R.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne L.","family":"Gulseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stina T.","family":"Sollid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Health Trust, Drammen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Nermoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"},{"name":"2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e5re I.","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"3Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022112118561167800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1361","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361","article-title":"Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"369","author":"Vounzoulaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022112118561167800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108625","article-title":"The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies","volume":"171","author":"Dennison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022112118561167800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.027","article-title":"Long term (&gt;1\u2009year) postpartum glucose tolerance status among Indian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by IADPSG criteria","volume":"142","author":"Goyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022112118561167800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05132-5","article-title":"Why are South Asians prone to type 2 diabetes? 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