{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:25:31Z","timestamp":1788715531007,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) of the U.S","award":["UL1TR001855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001855"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK059211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK059211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 MD017344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 MD017344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23DK134801 NIH NIDDK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK134801 NIH NIDDK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among Latino youth, and there is limited information on its pathophysiology and causative factors. Here, we describe findings from a longitudinal cohort study in 262 Latino children with overweight\/obesity at risk of developing T2D with annual measures of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance (IVGTT), body composition, and fat distribution. Logistic binomial regression was used to identify significant predictors in those who developed T2D compared with matched control participants, and mixed-effects growth models were used to compare rates of change in metabolic versus adiposity measures between groups. Overall conversion rate to T2D at year 5 was 2% (n = 6). Rate of decline in disposition index (DI), measured with an IVGTT, over 5 years was three times higher in case patients (\u2212341.7 units per year) compared with the extended cohort (\u2212106.7 units per year) and 20 times higher compared with control participants (\u221215.2 units per year). Case patients had significantly higher annual increases in fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), waist circumference, and trunk fat, and there was an inverse correlation between rate of decline in DI and rates of increase in adiposity measures. T2D development in at-risk Latino youth is associated with a substantial and rapid decrease in DI that is directly correlated with increases in fasting glucose, HbA1c, and adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among Latino youth, and there is limited information on its pathophysiology and causative factors. Overall conversion rate to type 2 diabetes over 5 years was 2%. In youth who converted to type 2 diabetes, disposition index decreased rapidly by 85% compared with that in patients who did not convert during the study period. There was an inverse correlation between rate of decline in disposition index and rates of increase in various adiposity measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-1034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T15:14:50Z","timestamp":1679930090000},"page":"735-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapid Decline in \u03b2-Cell Function and Increasing Adiposity Are Associated With Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes in At-Risk Latino Youth"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaina P.","family":"Vidmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Durazo-Arvizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute Biostatistics Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Weigensberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Alderete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051919002241700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11165","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the US, 2001-2017","volume":"326","author":"Lawrence","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023051919002241700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610187","article-title":"Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012","volume":"376","author":"Mayer-Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J 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