{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:57:29Z","timestamp":1793383049843,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Overl\u00e6ger\u00e6dets forskningsfond","award":["A4651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A4651"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004196","name":"Odense Universitetshospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment and a twofold increased risk of dementia compared with age-matched individuals without diabetes. Given that the eye and the brain share similar embryologic origin and anatomical features, the retina offers a unique window to the brain. In this study, we wanted to determine whether there was a difference in retinal imaging\u2013based neuronal and vascular markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included 134 persons with type 2 diabetes. Based on neuropsychological tests, the prevalence of MCI was 28%. We performed seven-field color fundus photos, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography (OCT-A), and retinal oximetry to analyze retinal markers. In a multivariable cluster analysis, persons with MCI had a significantly thinner macular retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell layer, and less venular oxygen saturation in the nasal quadrant compared with those without MCI. There were no differences in retinal vessel density, fractal dimension, width, tortuosity, or OCT-A markers. People with type 2 diabetes and MCI demonstrate alterations in retinal structure and metabolism, suggesting noninvasive retinal markers may be useful to detect people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cognitive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, retinal and cerebral neurodegeneration may run in parallel. To assess whether there was a difference in retinal structure, vessel, and metabolic parameters in individuals with MCI. We found those with MCI had a thinner macular retinal nerve fiber layer, macular ganglion cell layer, and less venular oxygen saturation. We suggest noninvasive retinal markers may be useful to detect those at risk of cognitive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T22:10:34Z","timestamp":1695161434000},"page":"1853-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Structural and Metabolic Retinal Changes Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3713-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik N.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonny","family":"Stokholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"3Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Lois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tunde","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"4Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 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