{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:31:18Z","timestamp":1787164278373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>HLA-DR\/DQ haplotypes largely define genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The DQB1*06:02-positive haplotype (DR15-DQ602) common in individuals of European ancestry is very rare among children with T1D. Among 4,490 children with T1D in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, 57 (1.3%) case patients with DQB1*06:02 were identified, in comparison with 26.1% of affected family-based association control participants. There were no differences between DQB1*06:02-positive and -negative children with T1D regarding sex, age, islet autoantibody distribution, or autoantibody levels, but significant differences were seen in the frequency of second class II HLA haplotypes. The most prevalent haplotype present with DQB1*06:02 was DRB1*04:04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02, which was found in 27 (47.4%) of 57 children, compared with only 797 (18.0%) of 4,433 among DQB1*06:02-negative case patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001 by \u03c72 test). The other common risk-associated haplotypes, DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 and (DR3)-DQA1*05-DQB1*02, were less prevalent in DQB1*06:02-positive versus DQB1*06:02-negative children (P &amp;lt; 0.001). HLA-B allele frequencies did not differ by DQB1*06:02 haplotype between children with T1D and control participants or by DRB1*04:04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 haplotype between DQB1*06:02-positive and -negative children with T1D. The increased frequency of the DRB1*04:04 allele among DQB1*06:02-positive case patients may indicate a preferential ability of the DR404 molecule to present islet antigen epitopes despite competition by DQ602.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T16:12:40Z","timestamp":1699373560000},"page":"306-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Increased Frequency of the HLA-DRB1*04:04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 Haplotype Among HLA-DQB1*06:02\u2013Positive Children With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9973-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorma","family":"Ilonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Kiviniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa I.","family":"El-Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Nyg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taina","family":"H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Lempainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"5Departments of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"6Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Knip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"7Pediatric Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Finnish Pediatric Diabetes 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