{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:59:11Z","timestamp":1791568751973,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019741","name":"Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ERC"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Lundbeck postdoc fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and neprilysin (NEP) rapidly degrade glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in mice. Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits may not accurately detect the degradation products, leading to potentially misleading results. We aimed to stabilize GLP-1 in mice, allowing reliable measurement with sensitive commercially available ELISA kits. Nonanesthetized male C57Bl\/6JRj mice were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 2 g\/kg glucose), and plasma total and intact GLP-1 were measured (Mercodia and Alpco ELISA kits, respectively). No GLP-1 increases were seen in samples taken beyond 15 min after the glucose load. Samples taken at 5 and 10 min after the OGTT showed a minor increase in total, but not intact, GLP-1. We then administered saline (control), or a DPP-4 inhibitor (valine pyrrolidide or sitagliptin) with or without an NEP-inhibitor (sacubitril), 30 min before the OGTT. In the inhibitor groups only, intact GLP-1 increased significantly during the OGTT. After injecting male C57Bl\/6JRj mice with a known dose of GLP-1(7-36)NH2, peak GLP-1 levels were barely detectable after saline but were 5- to 10-fold higher during sitagliptin and the combination of sitagliptin\/sacubitril. The half-life of the GLP-1 plasma disappearance increased up to sevenfold during inhibitor treatment. We conclude that reliable measurement of GLP-1 secretion is not possible in mice in\u00a0vivo with commercially available sandwich ELISA kits, unless degradation is prevented by inhibition of DPP-4 and perhaps NEP. The described approach allows improved estimates of GLP-1 secretion for future studies, although it is a limitation that these inhibitors additionally influence levels of insulin and glucagon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T21:28:40Z","timestamp":1706736520000},"page":"671-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["In\u00a0Vivo Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Allows Measurement of GLP-1 Secretion in Mice"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8236-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark M.","family":"Smits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5679-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrine D.","family":"Galsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Lind","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4230-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolai Wewer","family":"Albrechtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department 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