{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:40:22Z","timestamp":1792122022937,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nedbank\/South African National Research Foundation","award":["115450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115450"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRC-RFA-UFSP-01-2013\/VMH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRC-RFA-UFSP-01-2013\/VMH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Glycated hemoglobin has shown disagreements with other glycemic indices; termed the glycation gap. The glycation gap can be influenced by nonglycemic factors, such as protein deglycation, through the fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) enzyme. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FN3K gene can explain the glycation gap. Among the 826 participants, 79.8% were female, 22.3% presented with diabetes, and the median age was 53 years. The results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the FN3K gene may influence the glycation gap in individuals with diabetes. With the SNP rs1056534 analysis, the CC genotype was associated with a negative glycation gap (all P &amp;lt; 0.02), whereas the GG genotype was associated with a positive glycation gap (all P &amp;lt; 0.03) in the adjusted models. Similarly, with the SNP rs2256339, the TT genotype was associated with a negative glycation gap (P &amp;lt; 0.08), whereas the TA genotype was associated with a positive glycation gap (all P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the adjusted models. The studied genotypes are associated with protein glycation, contributing to differences in measures of glycemic control. Future studies are needed to explore the clinical implications of these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discrepancies between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other measures of glycemia have been reported, and these may be due to nonglycemic factors. We assessed the association between FN3K gene variants and the discrepancy between HbA1c and fructosamines as indicated by the glycation gap. Our results showed significant associations between the FN3K SNP genotypes and the glycation gap in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Polymorphisms in the FN3K gene are associated with the glycation gap, suggesting a potential genetic contribution to the discrepancy in glycemic control measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-0606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:02:23Z","timestamp":1743768143000},"page":"1289-1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Are Polymorphisms Within the Fructosamine-3-Kinase Gene Associated With the Discordance Between HbA1c and Other Measures of Glycemia?"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipuo D.","family":"Motshwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 1 , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council 2 , Parow, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council 2 , Parow, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvis N.","family":"Ngwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 1 , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalise E.","family":"Zemlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service 3 , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre P.","family":"Kengne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council 2 , Parow, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town 4 , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center 5 , Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda M.","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 1 , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv T.","family":"Erasmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 1 , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service 3 , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tandi E.","family":"Matsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/CPUT\/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 1 , Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University 6 , Ga-Rankuwa, South 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