{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:29:31Z","timestamp":1791422971434,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Since little is known about the disposition index (DI) in autoantibody-positive individuals, we have assessed whether DI has a similar association between insulin secretion and sensitivity to the association observed in other populations. In TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (TNPTP; n = 6,620) and Diabetes Prevention Trial\u2013Type 1 (DPT-1; n = 704) study participants, two secretion-sensitivity pairs, each representing a DI, were analyzed cross-sectionally at baseline: area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide\/AUC glucose (AUC ratio) and Matsuda index (MI) from TNPTP oral glucose tolerance tests (oral DI), first-phase insulin response (FPIR), and 1 \/ fasting insulin (1\/FI) from DPT-1 from intravenous glucose tolerance tests (DI). Participants were followed for progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Within the normal and diabetes glucose ranges, associations of AUC ratio with MI in TNPTP and FPIR with 1\/FI in DPT-1 had inverse curvilinear patterns with convexities to the origin. After logarithmic transformations to linearize the secretion and sensitivity measures, the inverse slope was steeper for the diabetes range (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In a Cox regression model including the AUC ratio and MI as variables and another model including FPIR and 1\/FI, the interaction terms of secretion \u00d7 sensitivity (i.e., the DI\/oral DI) predicted stage 3 T1D in both (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The DI remained significantly predictive (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) when the DPT-1 risk score was added as a covariate in regression models. In autoantibody-positive populations, insulin secretion is inversely related to sensitivity in a quasi-hyperbolic relationship in normal and diabetes ranges of glucose. The DI can be represented by a statistical and physiologic interaction between secretion and sensitivity that is predictive of stage 3 T1D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the relationship between secretion and sensitivity in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study examined the relationship between secretion and sensitivity in antibody-positive relatives at risk for T1D and the predictive value of the disposition index (DI) as a measure of \u03b2-cell function. Secretion and sensitivity measures in two independent antibody-positive populations at risk for T1D had an inverse relationship across different glycemic ranges. The DI using different measures of secretion and sensitivity was predictive of T1D. The DI is a useful biomarker of \u03b2-cell function in individuals at risk for T1D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-1000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T17:29:43Z","timestamp":1743614983000},"page":"1196-1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Disposition Index in Autoantibody-Positive Individuals at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0102-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba M.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine 1 , Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cuthbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida 2 , Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Galderisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yale University 3 , New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Libman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh 4 , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida 5 , Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota 6 , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Petrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan 7 , Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Florida 8 , Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine 9 , Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Hannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine 1 , Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8696-7500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kieren J.","family":"Mather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company 10 , Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay M.","family":"Sosenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami 11 , Miami, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061113023530800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06011-5","article-title":"Quantifying beta cell function in the preclinical stages of type 1 diabetes","volume":"66","author":"Galderisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026061113023530800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1478","article-title":"Oral disposition index predicts the development of future diabetes above and beyond fasting and 2-h glucose levels","volume":"32","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes 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