{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:32:36Z","timestamp":1788474756920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["020593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["020593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["029953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["029953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["059637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["059637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["085516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["085516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Early postprandial glucagon concentrations are higher in type 1 diabetes (T1D) than in individuals with no diabetes (ND). To determine the cause, we infused stable [13C9, 15N1]glucagon before, during, and after a mixed meal in 16 ND and 16 T1D individuals to measure glucagon turnover. In a subcohort of 9 ND and 12 T1D individuals, we estimated [13C9, 15N1]glucagon kinetics during steady state. A linear, single-compartment model described [13C9, 15N1]glucagon kinetics and allowed precise estimation of the volume of distribution (VD) and clearance rate (CL). Model parameters were similar between groups, with the VD of [13C9, 15N1]glucagon at 42.1 \u00b1 3.3 mL\/kg, implying that [13C9, 15N1]glucagon distributes in a single compartment and with VD approximating the plasma volume and CL at 10.6 \u00b1 0.9 mL\/kg\/min. Higher early (0\u2013120 min after meal ingestion) postprandial glucagon concentrations (1,907.9 \u00b1 373.4 vs. \u221293.6 \u00b1 240.5 pg\/mL\u2009\u00b7\u2009120 min P &amp;lt; 0.001) observed in T1D was due to higher rates of glucagon appearance (3.39 \u00b1 2.8 vs. \u22123.95 \u00b1 2.0 ng\/kg\u2009\u00b7\u2009120 min, P &amp;lt; 0.04) and disappearance (2.13 \u00b1 2.6 vs. \u22125.28 \u00b1 2.1 ng\/kg\u2009\u00b7\u2009120 min, P &amp;lt; 0.04) compared with ND. We have determined postprandial glucagon turnover in humans and have demonstrated that changes in postprandial glucagon concentrations in T1D are due to increased rates of glucagon turnover during the early postprandial period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to determine postprandial glucagon metabolism in people with and without type 1 diabetes. We wanted to determine the cause for higher early postprandial glucagon concentrations in type 1 diabetes. We found that higher early postprandial glucagon turnover is the cause of higher early postprandial glucagon concentrations in type 1 diabetes Strategies that decrease early post prandial glucagon fluxes could improve postprandial glucose concentrations in type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db25-0587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T17:29:11Z","timestamp":1763659751000},"page":"256-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Postprandial Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"F.N.U.","family":"Ruchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia 1 , Charlottesville, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova 2 , Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology 3 , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4908-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Dalla Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova 2 , Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Cobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child\u2019s Health, University of Padova 4 , Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham 5 , Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananda","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham 5 , Birmingham, 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