{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:06:36Z","timestamp":1781715996055,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001030","name":"National Heart Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Level 3 Future Leader Fellowship (FLF 106656) - PJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Level 3 Future Leader Fellowship (FLF 106656) - PJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020193","name":"Novartis Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Investigator-initiated study - TW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investigator-initiated study - TW"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Adelaide Local Health Network","award":["Florey Fellowship - CX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Florey Fellowship - CX"]}]},{"name":"Australian Medical Research Future Fund","award":["MRFCDDM000009 - TW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRFCDDM000009 - TW"]}]},{"name":"Michell Bequest Foundation","award":["CKR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CKR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve dyslipidemia and reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the role of endogenous GLP-1 in lipid metabolism remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition on the response of plasma triglycerides (TGs) to intraduodenal lipid and a mixed meal, and the impact of GLP-1 receptor blockade with exendin(9-39) in T2D. Fifteen participants with T2D, managed by diet and\/or metformin, were studied on three occasions in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Vildagliptin (50 mg) or placebo was administered orally (t = \u221260 min), followed by intravenous exendin(9-39) from t = \u221260 to 150 min on one of the two vildagliptin days or 0.9% saline on two other days. A lipid emulsion was infused intraduodenally (2 kcal\/min, t = 0\u2013120 min), followed by a mixed meal (t = 120\u2013150 min). Plasma TG levels, quantified by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, increased after lipid and meal, with most individual TGs corresponding to those in the lipid emulsion. Vildagliptin reduced TG(54:4) and TG(54:5) concentrations (each P &amp;lt; 0.01), without affecting total TGs. Blocking endogenous GLP-1 during vildagliptin treatment increased plasma total TGs (P &amp;lt; 0.001), associated with elevations of 10 individual TG species (P &amp;lt; 0.05 each). These outcomes suggest that endogenous GLP-1 contributes to the physiological modulation of postprandial TG appearance in T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The contribution of endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is poorly defined. The specific questions we wanted to answer were what is the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition on plasma triglyceride (TG) profiles during an intraduodenal lipid infusion and following a mixed meal in T2D, and how does blockage of endogenous GLP-1 signaling affect these responses? We found that plasma TGs increased after intraduodenal lipid infusion and the meal, with most species reflecting the infused lipid emulsion. Vildagliptin selectively reduced TG(54:4) and TG(54:5) species, whereas exendin(9-39) increased total TGs and 10 individual TG species. The implications of our finding are that endogenous GLP-1 plays a physiological role in the regulation of postprandial lipid handling in T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db25-0980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:23:25Z","timestamp":1769527405000},"page":"630-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Enhanced by Vildagliptin Reduces Triglyceride Appearance During Intraduodenal Fat Infusion in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0054-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide University 2 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital 3 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake B.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute 4 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9400-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weikun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide University 2 , Adelaide, South Australia, 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Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital 5 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan W.","family":"Verjans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute 4 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marten F.","family":"Snel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute 6 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Science, Adelaide University 7 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute 4 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network 8 , Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1656-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University 1 , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide University 2 , Adelaide, South Australia, 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