{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:51:00Z","timestamp":1792158660676,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Piano Sostegno Ricerca Linea 2 Azione A"},{"name":"Partnership Fostering a European Research Area for Health","award":["GA No. 101095426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA No. 101095426"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Research and Development","award":["E4H\/2\/NeuroImmunMetHF\/17\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E4H\/2\/NeuroImmunMetHF\/17\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044wgz941","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Merck Sharp Dhome"},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yjd3n13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ricerca Finalizzata, Ministry of Health","award":["RF-2019-12370896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2019-12370896"]}]},{"name":"Menarini","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02h1wg091","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research and University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gbnem66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"EU Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme)"},{"name":"PNRR Missione 4","award":["6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6"]}]},{"name":"PNRR Missione 4","award":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12375913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12375913"]}]},{"name":"Janus Henderson Horizon Global Technology Leaders Fund A2 USD"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pictet Global Megatrend Selection R EUR"},{"name":"Morgan Stanley Investment Fund -Global Brands"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DWS Concept Kaldemorgen EUR PFC"},{"name":"DB ESG Balanced SAA EUR Plus PFC"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref EUROPEAID\/173691\/DD\/ACT\/XK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref EUROPEAID\/173691\/DD\/ACT\/XK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale","award":["PRIN 2022 7KTSAT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022 7KTSAT"]}]},{"name":"Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale","award":["PRIN-PNRR 2022 P202294PHK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN-PNRR 2022 P202294PHK"]}]},{"name":"Progetto CN3 - National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology"},{"name":"Nanokos"},{"name":"Meda Pharma"},{"name":"PNRR Missione","award":["4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Daichii-Sasnkyo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Daily cycles of fasting and feeding shape systemic metabolism, yet how innate immunity senses these transitions remains unclear. Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) primes granulocyte-monocyte progenitors to generate clones with heightened inflammasome activity and excessive production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1\u03b2. Whether periprandial states influence immune surveillance remains unknown. We profiled periprandial immune adaptations in mice fed an HFD (60% energy from fat) or standard-fat diet (SFD) after overnight fasting and up to 4 h postfeeding, integrating blood immunophenotyping, endotoxin challenges, and neutrophil activation markers. Neutrophil counts rose within 15 min of feeding, preceding monocytosis (\u22652\u20134 h). Neutrophilia during SFD, but not HFD, refeeding was associated with lower lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness, suggesting that it is critical for the host to microbial challenges. This early neutrophilia was enhanced by HFD and further amplified with the establishment of insulin resistance following 7 days of HFD feeding. We link this response to intestinal fat absorption and to the coordinated glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)\/insulin regulation of the periprandial responses. Yet, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonism potentiated neutrophilia during HFD feeding, whereas coadministration of insulin abolished it. After 7 days of HFD adaptation, this insulin effect was lost, linking GLP-1 action to insulin sensitivity. In humans, periprandial neutrophilia was also observed, and it was altered in type 2 diabetes, independent from C-reactive protein, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2. Feeding elicits a rapid neutrophil response established to provide immune resilience during nutrient absorption. These findings uncover a GLP-1\u2013insulin-dependent axis coordinating immunometabolic adaptation to the periprandial state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determine how innate immunity adapts to transitions between fasting and feeding. Feeding rapidly induced periprandial neutrophilia. HFD accelerated this reponse. We therefore sought to examine whether periprandial states regulate neutrophil dynamics. We identified that the glucagon-like peptide 1 and insulin axis modulates the neutrophil surge, which is critical during endotoxin challenges. The periprandial state prepares the host for endotoxemia. We bridge nutrient intake and incretin-sensitive immunity to inflammatory tone, redefining postprandial inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/db25-1064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:10:45Z","timestamp":1792156245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Incretin-Dependent Modulation of Periprandial Neutrophilia"],"prefix":"10.2337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6216-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Baragetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Da Dalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Parolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Moregola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Nespoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavia","family":"Terenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra M.","family":"Martorana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Svecla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tito","family":"Borner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz J.","family":"Guzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"6Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Siedlinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Danilo","family":"Norata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmacological Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/db25-1064\/899164\/db251064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/db25-1064\/899164\/db251064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:10:48Z","timestamp":1792156248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/doi\/10.2337\/db25-1064\/172823\/An-Incretin-Dependent-Modulation-of-Periprandial"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db25-1064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"article-number":"db251064"}}