{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:42:25Z","timestamp":1788792145790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["R01-DK55758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DK55758"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["R01-DK099110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DK099110"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["RC2-DK118620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2-DK118620"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["P01-DK088761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01-DK088761"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["R01-DK118725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DK118725"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["R01-DK088423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DK088423"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The successful use of leptin for the treatment of individuals with lipodystrophy and leptin deficiency is well established. However, pharmacological approaches of leptin therapy for the treatment of diet-induced obesity have been ineffective. There is ample room for a better understanding of the much famed \u201cleptin resistance\u201d phenomenon. Our recent data in this area prompt us to call for a conceptual shift. This shift entails a model in which a reduction of bioactive leptin levels in the context of obesity triggers a high degree of leptin sensitization and improved leptin action, both centrally and peripherally. Put another way, hyperleptinemia per se causes leptin resistance and associated metabolic disorders. In this perspective, we briefly discuss the underlying conceptual steps that led us to explore partial leptin reduction as a viable therapeutic avenue. We hope this discussion will contribute to potential future applications of partial leptin reduction therapy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T20:31:26Z","timestamp":1587414686000},"page":"823-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Leptin: Less Is More"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shangang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Kusminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel K.","family":"Elmquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0680-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp E.","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031303091103600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/382250a0","article-title":"Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting","volume":"382","author":"Ahima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26746","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.45.26746","article-title":"A novel serum protein similar to C1q, produced exclusively in adipocytes","volume":"270","author":"Scherer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1172","article-title":"Adipocyte versus pituitary leptin in the regulation of pituitary hormones: somatotropes develop normally in the absence of circulating leptin","volume":"155","author":"Odle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.413","article-title":"Leptin","volume":"62","author":"Ahima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(96)00025-3","article-title":"Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin","volume":"17","author":"Banks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00004","article-title":"Leptin receptor expression in mouse intracranial perivascular cells","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.168","article-title":"Leptin and the maintenance of elevated body weight","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.7","article-title":"Leptin and brain-adipose crosstalks","volume":"19","author":"Caron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0049-7","article-title":"Genetic identification of leptin neural circuits in energy and glucose homeostases","volume":"556","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.04.003","article-title":"\u03b1\/\u03b2-Hydrolase domain-6-accessible monoacylglycerol controls glucose-stimulated insulin secretion","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8878","article-title":"Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice","volume":"94","author":"Halaas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012437","article-title":"Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy","volume":"346","author":"Oral","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00179","article-title":"Starvation in the midst of plenty: reflections on the history and biology of insulin and leptin","volume":"40","author":"Flier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.08.002","article-title":"Obesity and leptin resistance: distinguishing cause from effect","volume":"21","author":"Myers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.002","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities of defining clinical leptin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Myers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.060","article-title":"Leptin resistance: a possible interface of inflammation and metabolism in obesity-related cardiovascular disease","volume":"52","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1161\/hc5001.101061","article-title":"Plasma leptin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)","volume":"104","author":"Wallace","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.9.1822","article-title":"Increased glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin","volume":"48","author":"Ogawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011376","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia is required for the development of leptin resistance","volume":"5","author":"Knight","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0178","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia precipitates diet-induced obesity in transgenic mice overexpressing leptin","volume":"144","author":"Ogus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.005","article-title":"Partial leptin reduction as an insulin sensitization and weight loss strategy","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4432-1","article-title":"Leptin receptor action and mechanisms of leptin resistance","volume":"62","author":"M\u00fcnzberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.05.038","article-title":"The role of leptin in leptin resistance and obesity","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.015","article-title":"Diet-induced obese mice retain endogenous leptin action","volume":"21","author":"Ottaway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119171","article-title":"Diet-induced obese mice develop peripheral, but not central, resistance to leptin","volume":"99","author":"Van Heek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R566","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00180.2013","article-title":"Selective leptin resistance revisited","volume":"305","author":"Mark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.12.009","article-title":"Selective versus total insulin resistance: a pathogenic paradox","volume":"7","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.05.007","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia is associated with hypertension, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight but not in normal weight men","volume":"22","author":"Galletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2000.0197","article-title":"Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems","volume":"21","author":"Ahima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E939","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00379.2007","article-title":"Partial leptin deficiency favors diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders in mice","volume":"294","author":"Begriche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/35102112","article-title":"Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity","volume":"414","author":"Farooqi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-296-LB","article-title":"Efficacy of metreleptin for weight loss in overweight and obese adults with low leptin levels","volume":"67","author":"Depaoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12131","article-title":"High-fat diet induces leptin resistance in leptin-deficient mice","volume":"26","author":"Koch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.023","article-title":"Zfp423 maintains white adipocyte identity through suppression of the beige cell thermogenic gene program","volume":"23","author":"Shao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.07.002","article-title":"Peripheral cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonism reduces obesity by reversing leptin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Tam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0880-7","article-title":"Resveratrol treatment rescues hyperleptinemia and improves hypothalamic leptin signaling programmed by maternal high-fat diet in rats","volume":"55","author":"Franco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0102-75","article-title":"Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop mature-onset obesity","volume":"8","author":"Wallenius","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.66","article-title":"Effects of metformin and vanadium on leptin secretion from cultured rat adipocytes","volume":"8","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.1.30","article-title":"Caloric restriction per se is a significant factor in improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity during weight loss in obese NIDDM patients","volume":"17","author":"Wing","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1810297","article-title":"Caloric restriction reverses the deficits in leptin receptor protein and leptin signaling capacity associated with diet-induced obesity: role of leptin in the regulation of hypothalamic long-form leptin receptor expression","volume":"181","author":"Wilsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-013-0004-2","article-title":"Pre-treatment circulating leptin\/ghrelin ratio as a non-invasive marker to identify patients likely to regain the lost weight after an energy restriction treatment","volume":"37","author":"Crujeiras","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25977","article-title":"Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight","volume":"115","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B44","first-page":"2583","article-title":"Leptin reverses weight loss-induced changes in regional neural activity responses to visual food stimuli","volume":"118","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105816","article-title":"Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss","volume":"365","author":"Sumithran","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2566","article-title":"Weight regain after a diet-induced loss is predicted by higher baseline leptin and lower ghrelin plasma levels","volume":"95","author":"Crujeiras","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.002212","article-title":"Baseline leptin and leptin reduction predict improvements in metabolic variables and long-term fat loss in obese children and adolescents: a prospective study of an inpatient weight-loss program","volume":"93","author":"Murer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.09.024","article-title":"Neurocognitive and hormonal correlates of voluntary weight loss in humans","volume":"29","author":"Neseliler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118551","article-title":"Nocturnal rise of leptin in lean, obese, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects","volume":"97","author":"Sinha","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33710","article-title":"POMC neurons expressing leptin receptors coordinate metabolic responses to fasting via suppression of leptin levels","volume":"7","author":"Caron","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.09.011","article-title":"Elevated hypothalamic TCPTP in obesity contributes to cellular leptin resistance","volume":"14","author":"Loh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.59.1.287","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling and the regulation of mammalian physiology","volume":"59","author":"Myers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80062-3","article-title":"Identification of SOCS-3 as a potential mediator of central leptin resistance","volume":"1","author":"Bj\u00f8rbaek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.30059","article-title":"The role of SOCS-3 in leptin signaling and leptin resistance","volume":"274","author":"Bj\u00f8rbaek","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40649","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007577200","article-title":"SOCS3 mediates feedback inhibition of the leptin receptor via Tyr985","volume":"275","author":"Bjorbak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00148-X","article-title":"PTP1B regulates leptin signal transduction in vivo","volume":"2","author":"Zabolotny","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.06.002","article-title":"Xbp1s in Pomc neurons connects ER stress with energy balance and glucose homeostasis","volume":"20","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2408","article-title":"Restoration of leptin responsiveness in diet-induced obese mice using an optimized leptin analog in combination with exendin-4 or FGF21","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pept Sci"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.07.012","article-title":"FGF21 acts centrally to induce sympathetic nerve activity, energy expenditure, and weight loss","volume":"20","author":"Owen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308744101","article-title":"Serum leptin level is a regulator of bone mass","volume":"101","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072761","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes","volume":"356","author":"Nissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B62","first-page":"E6039","article-title":"A noncanonical PPAR\u03b3\/RXR\u03b1-binding sequence regulates leptin expression in response to changes in adipose tissue mass","volume":"115","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031303091103600_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00686.x","article-title":"Insulin-associated weight gain in diabetes--causes, effects and coping strategies","volume":"9","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"}],"container-title":["Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/diabetes.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/dbi19-0018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.org\/diabetes\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/69\/5\/823\/431703\/dbi190018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article-pdf\/69\/5\/823\/431703\/dbi190018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T12:39:50Z","timestamp":1667392790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/diabetes\/article\/69\/5\/823\/39613\/Leptin-Less-Is-More"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dbi19-0018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1797","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]}}}