{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:26:54Z","timestamp":1767961614843,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of severe hypoglycemia and smoking in a population-based cohort of individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014This was a cross-sectional analysis of the population-based cohort of the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. The analyses in this report were limited to 537 type 1 diabetic individuals with complete data who participated in the last examination phase (2000\u20132001). Severe hypoglycemia was defined as having one or more episodes of loss of consciousness or overnight hospitalization attributable to hypoglycemia in a 1-year period before the examination.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014The prevalence of severe hypoglycemia in this population was 14.3%. In univariate analysis, current smokers had a greater chance of having severe hypoglycemia compared with never smokers (odds ratio 2.40 [95% CI 1.30\u20134.40]). When we controlled for relevant confounders such as age, sex, A1C, waist-to-hip ratio, orthostatic hypotension, alcohol consumption, intensive insulin treatment, past history of severe hypoglycemia, and late complications of diabetes (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy), the association remained statistically significant, with current smoking presenting \u223c2.6 times greater odds of developing severe hypoglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Current smokers with type 1 diabetes have higher odds of severe hypoglycemia episodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T20:13:49Z","timestamp":1180124029000},"page":"1437-1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Severe Hypoglycemia and Smoking in a Long-Term Type 1 Diabetic Population"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Flavio E.","family":"Hirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scot E.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara E.K.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031221130703100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. 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