{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:34:10Z","timestamp":1774863250029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014 Despite the high prevalence of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in this population has not been determined.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014 One hundred subjects with type 2 diabetes and resistant hypertension, defined as blood pressure &amp;gt;140\/90 mmHg despite the use of \u22653 antihypertensive agents, were screened for primary aldosteronism. Screening was performed by measuring the plasma aldosterone (PAC)-to-plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio. Subjects with a PAC-to-PRA ratio &amp;gt;30 ng \u00b7 ml\u22121 \u00b7 h\u22121 underwent confirmatory salt load testing. Diagnostic criteria included 24-h urine aldosterone \u226512 \u03bcg during the 3rd day of the oral salt load or a PAC \u22655 ng\/dl after the 4-h intravenous saline load.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014 Thirty-four subjects had a PAC-to-PRA ratio &amp;gt;30 ng \u00b7 ml\u22121 \u00b7 h\u22121. Fourteen subjects (14% [95% CI 7.2\u201320.8]) had a confirmed diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Ninety-three patients were African Americans. There were no differences in age, glycemic control, and number of antihypertensive drugs between subjects with and without primary aldosteronism. Subjects with primary aldosteronism had lower serum potassium (3.7 \u00b1 0.4 vs. 4.0 \u00b1 0.4 mmol\/l, P = 0.012), higher PAC (15.6 \u00b1 8 vs. 9.1 \u00b1 6 ng\/dl, P = 0.0016), and higher PAC-to-PRA ratio (98 \u00b1 74 vs. 21 \u00b1 30 \u00b7 ml\u22121 \u00b7 h\u22121, P &amp;lt; 0.001) than patients without primary aldosteronism.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014 Primary aldosteronism is common in diabetic patients with resistant hypertension, with a prevalence of 14%. Our results indicate that diabetic subjects with poorly controlled hypertension who are taking \u22653 antihypertensive drugs should be screened for primary aldosteronism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T17:28:10Z","timestamp":1182965290000},"page":"1699-1703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Primary Aldosteronism in Diabetic Subjects With Resistant Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Guillermo E.","family":"Umpierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cantey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Temponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Luster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031217400834200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sowers JR, Epstein M, Frohlich ED: Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: an update. 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