{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:30:08Z","timestamp":1788316208539,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cutaneous disorders and their relation to disease duration, metabolic control, and microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014The presence and frequency of skin manifestations were examined and compared in 212 unselected type 1 diabetic patients (aged 2\u201322 years, diabetes duration 1\u201315 years) and 196 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relation of cutaneous disorders with diabetes duration, glycemic control, and microvascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014One hundred forty-two (68%) type 1 diabetic patients had at least one cutaneous disorder vs. 52 (26.5%) control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Diabetes-associated skin lesions were found in 81 (38%) patients. Acquired ichthyosis, rubeosis faciei, diabetic hand, and necrobiosis lipoidica were seen in 22 vs. 3%, 7.1 vs. 0%, 2.3 vs. 0%, and 2.3 vs. 0% of type 1 diabetic and control subjects, respectively. The frequency of cutaneous reactions to insulin therapy was low (\u20132.7%). The prevalence of fungal infections in patients and control subjects was 4.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Keratosis pilaris affected 12% of our patients vs. 1.5% of control subjects. Diabetic hand was strongly (odds ratio 1.42 [95% CI 1.11\u20131.81]; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and rubeosis faciei weakly (1.22 [1.04\u20131.43]; P = 0.0087), associated with diabetes duration. Significant association was also found between acquired ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris (1.53 [1.09\u20131.79]; P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Cutaneous manifestations are common in type 1 diabetic patients, and some of them, like acquired ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris, develop early in the course of the disease. Diabetic hand and rubeosis faciei are related to disease duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]],"date-time":"2007-07-28T00:04:09Z","timestamp":1185581049000},"page":"1964-1967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["The Prevalence of Cutaneous Manifestations in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Milos\u030c D.","family":"Pavlovic\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Milenkovic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia \u201cVukan E\u0300upic\u0301,\u201d Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Dinic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Mis\u030covic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Dakovic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sla\u0111ana","family":"Todorovic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia \u201cVukan E\u0300upic\u0301,\u201d Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zorana","family":"\u0110akovic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u030c D.","family":"Zec\u030cevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radoje","family":"Doder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031219272861500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferringer T, Miller F 3rd: Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus. 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