{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:02:17Z","timestamp":1793746937158,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Limited data exist on the association between in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity and type 2 diabetes in diverse youth. These associations were explored in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth participating in the SEARCH Case-Control Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014A total of 79 youth with type 2 diabetes and 190 nondiabetic control youth aged 10\u201322 years attended a research visit. In utero exposures to maternal diabetes and obesity were recalled by biological mothers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014Youth with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have been exposed to maternal diabetes or obesity in utero than were nondiabetic control youth (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for each). After adjusting for offspring age, sex, and race\/ethnicity, exposure to maternal diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 5.7 [95% CI 2.4\u201313.4]) and exposure to maternal obesity (2.8 [1.5\u20135.2]) were independently associated with type 2 diabetes. Adjustment for other perinatal and socioeconomic factors did not alter these associations. When offspring BMI was added, the OR for the association between in utero exposure to obesity and type 2 diabetes was attenuated toward the null (OR 1.1 [0.5\u20132.4]). Overall, 47.2% (95% CI 30.9\u201363.5) of type 2 diabetes in youth could be attributed to intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014Intrauterine exposures to maternal diabetes and obesity are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in youth. Prevention efforts may need to target, in addition to childhood obesity, the increasing number of pregnancies complicated by obesity and diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,6]],"date-time":"2008-06-06T20:49:14Z","timestamp":1212785354000},"page":"1422-1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":375,"title":["Association of Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and Obesity With Type 2 Diabetes in Youth"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Mayer-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana P.","family":"Lamichhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Ralph B.","family":"D'Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela D.","family":"Liese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra S.","family":"Vehik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.M. Venkat","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Zeitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Hamman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031302080720300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabelea D, Bell RA, D'Agostino RB Jr, et al.: Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States. 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