{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:26:58Z","timestamp":1788272818398,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE\u2014Individuals with type 1 diabetes have decreased bone mineral density (BMD), yet the natural history and pathogenesis of osteopenia are unclear. We have previously shown that women with type 1 diabetes (aged 13\u201335 years) have lower BMD than community age-matched nondiabetic control subjects. We here report 2-year follow-up BMD data in this cohort to determine the natural history of BMD in young women with and without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS\u2014BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 2 years later in 63 women with type 1 diabetes and in 85 age-matched community control subjects. A1C, IGF-1, IGF binding protein-3, serum osteocalcin, and urine N-teleopeptide were measured at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>RESULTS\u2014After adjusting for age, BMI, and oral contraceptive use, BMD at year 2 continued to be lower in women \u226520 years of age with type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects at the total hip, femoral neck, and whole body. Lower BMD values were observed in cases &amp;lt;20 years of age compared with control subjects; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Lower BMD did not correlate with diabetes control, growth factors, or metabolic bone markers.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS\u2014This study confirms our previous findings that young women with type 1 diabetes have lower BMD than control subjects and that these differences persist over time, particularly in women \u226520 years of age. Persistence of low BMD as well as failure to accrue bone density after age 20 years may contribute to the increased incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures seen in postmenopausal women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:53:47Z","timestamp":1214873627000},"page":"1729-1735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes Have Lower Bone Mineral Density That Persists Over Time"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Lucy D.","family":"Mastrandrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Hovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Quattrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","reference":[{"key":"2022031218263183800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemink SA, Hermus AR, Swinkels LM, Lutterman JA, Smals AG: Osteopenia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; prevalence and aspects of pathophysiology. J Endocrinol Invest\u200823: 295\u2013303, 2000","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343726"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christensen J, Svendsen O: Bone mineral in pre- and postmenopausal women with insulin-dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int\u200810:307\u2013311, 1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050232"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inzerillo A, Epstein S: Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord\u20085:261\u2013268, 2004","DOI":"10.1023\/B:REMD.0000032415.83124.20"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forsen L, Meyer HE, Midthjell K, Edna TH: Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hip fracture: results from the Nord-Trondelag Health Survey. Diabetologia\u200842:920\u2013925, 1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051248"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicodemus K, Folsom A: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes and incident hip fractures in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care\u200824:1192\u20131197, 2001","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.7.1192"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunczler P, Lanes R, Paoli M, Martinis R, Villaroel O, Weisinger JR: Decreased bone mineral density and bone formation markers shortly after diagnosis of clinical type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol\u200814:525\u2013528, 2001","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2001.14.5.525"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu EY, Wactawski-Wende J, Donahue RP, Dmochowski J, Hovey KM, Quattrin T: Does low bone mineral density start in post-teenage years in women with type 1 diabetes? Diabetes Care\u200826:2365\u20132369, 2003","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2365"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valerio G, del Puente A, Buono P, Esposito A, Zanatta M, Mozzillo E, Moretto E, Mastidoro L, Franzese A: Quantitative ultrasound of proximal phalanxes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract\u200864:161\u2013166, 2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2003.10.021"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leger J, Marinovic D, Alberti C, Dorgeret S, Chevenne D, Marchal CL, Tubiana-Rufi N, Sebag G, Czernichow P: Lower bone mineral content in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus is linked to female sex, low insulin-like growth factor type I levels, and high insulin requirement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200891:3947\u20133953, 2006","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0711"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadjidakis DJ, Raptis AE, Sfakianakis M, Mylonakis A, Raptis SA: Bone mineral density of both genders in type 1 diabetes according to bone composition. J Diabetes Complications\u200820:302\u2013307, 2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2005.07.006"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkan AL, Burman P, Clemmons DR, Drake WM, Gagel RF, Harris PE, Trainer PJ, van der Lely AJ, Vance ML: Glucose homeostasis and safety in patients with acromegaly converted from long-acting octreotide to pegvisomant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\u200890:5684\u20135691, 2005","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0331"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos Pastor MM, Lo\u0301pez-Ibarra PJ, Escobar-Jime\u0301nez, Serrano Pardo MD, Garci\u0301a-Cervigo\u0301n A: Intensive insulin therapy and bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Osteoporos Int\u200811:455\u2013459, 2000","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070114"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Liefde I, van der Klift M, de Laet C, van Daele P, Hofman A, Pols H: Bone mineral density and fracture risk in type-2 diabetes mellitus: The Rotterdam Study. Osteoporos Int\u200816:1713\u20131720, 2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1909-1"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunczler P, Lanes R, Paz-Martinez V, Martins R, Esaa S, Colmenares V, Weisinger JR: Decreased lumbar spine bone mass and low bone turnover in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus followed longitudinally. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab\u200811:413\u2013419, 1998","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1998.11.3.413"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munoz-Torres M, Jodar E, Escobar-Jimenez F, Lopez-Ibarra PJ, Luna JD: Bone mineral density measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in Spanish patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Calc Tissue Int\u200858:316\u2013319, 1996","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02509378"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lunt H, Florkowski C, Cundy T, Kendall D, Brown L, Elliot J, Wells J, JG T: A population-based study of bone mineral density in women with longstanding type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract\u200840:31\u201338, 1998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(98)00012-6"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clausen P, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Jacobsen P, Rossing K, Parving H, Nielsen P, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Olgaard K: Microalbumin uria as an early indicator of osteopenia in male insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabet Med\u200814:1038\u20131043, 1997","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199712)14:12<1038::AID-DIA509>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vashishth D, Gibson G, Khoury J, Schaffler M, Kimura J, Fyhrie D: Influence of non-enzymatic glycation on biomechanical properties of cortical bone. Bone\u200828:195\u2013201, 2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00434-8"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thrailkill KM, Lumpkin CK Jr, Bunn RC, Kemp SF, Fowlkes JL: Is insulin an anabolic agent in bone? Dissecting the diabetic bone for clues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab\u2008289:E735\u2013E745, 2005","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2005"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botolin S, McCabe LR: Bone loss and increased bone adiposity in spontaneous and pharmacologically induced diabetic mice. Endocrinology\u2008148:198\u2013205, 2007","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1006"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klotzbuecher C, Ros P, Landsman P, Abbott T, Berger M: Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Miner Res\u200815:721\u2013739, 2000","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.721"},{"key":"2022031218263183800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothman K: No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology\u20081:43\u201346, 1990","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/31\/9\/1729\/599701\/zdc00908001729.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/31\/9\/1729\/599701\/zdc00908001729.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T19:27:40Z","timestamp":1647113260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/31\/9\/1729\/27975\/Young-Women-With-Type-1-Diabetes-Have-Lower-Bone"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc07-2426","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]}}}