{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T21:20:45Z","timestamp":1770412845643,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4573,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To study which perinatal factors affect the risk of childhood overweight in offspring with a first-degree relative (FDR) with type 1 diabetes and to determine whether maternal diabetes is an independent contributor to overweight risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data on a child's weight and height were collected at age 2, 5, and 8 years from 1,214 children participating in the prospective BABYDIAB study. All children had an FDR with type 1 diabetes, including 783 whose mothers had type 1 diabetes. Overweight was defined as BMI percentile \u226590. Data on birth size, breast-feeding, maternal age, and smoking during pregnancy were collected by questionnaires. Risk estimates were calculated by logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breastfeeding duration and birth size both contributed significantly to overweight risk at all age intervals. Full breast-feeding &amp;gt;4 months or any breast-feeding &amp;gt;6 months reduced risk of overweight (aged 8 years: odds ratio 0.3 [95% CI 0.2\u20130.7], P = 0.004; and 0.3 [0.1\u20130.6], P = 0.001). Large-for-gestational-age status increased risk of overweight (aged 8 years: 2.4 [1.4\u20134.3], P = 0.002). Importantly, no evidence was found for an independent contribution of maternal type 1 diabetes to childhood overweight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings indicate that maternal type 1 diabetes is not an independent risk factor for overweight during childhood in offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers but that factors associated with maternal type 1 diabetes, such as short breast-feeding duration and high birth size, predispose children to overweight during childhood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,20]],"date-time":"2009-02-20T02:05:42Z","timestamp":1235095542000},"page":"921-925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Predictors of Overweight During Childhood in Offspring of Parents 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Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anette-G.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschergruppe Diabetes der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany;"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetesforschung der Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany;"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Suchtmedizin, Klinikum Schwabing StKM, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031220111768500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S164","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2329C","article-title":"Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary 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