{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:44:50Z","timestamp":1789195490136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4377,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given evidence of both indirect and direct signaling, we tested the hypothesis that increased \u03b2-cell\u2013mediated signaling of \u03b1-cells negates direct \u03b1-cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We measured plasma glucagon concentrations before and after ingestion of a formula mixed meal and, on a separate occasion, ingestion of the sulfonylurea glimepiride in 24 basal insulin-infused, demonstrably \u03b2-cell\u2013deficient patients with type 1 diabetes and 20 nondiabetic, demonstrably \u03b2-cell\u2013sufficient individuals; the latter were infused with glucose to prevent hypoglycemia after glimepiride.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After the mixed meal, plasma glucagon concentrations increased from 22 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (78 \u00b1 4 pg\/ml) to 30 \u00b1 2 pmol\/l (103 \u00b1 7 pg\/ml) in the patients with type 1 diabetes but were unchanged from 27 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (93 \u00b1 3 pg\/ml) to 26 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (89 \u00b1 3 pg\/ml) in the nondiabetic individuals (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). After glimepiride, plasma glucagon concentrations increased from 24 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (83 \u00b1 4 pg\/ml) to 26 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (91 \u00b1 4 pg\/ml) in the patients with type 1 diabetes and decreased from 28 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (97 \u00b1 5 pg\/ml) to 24 \u00b1 1 pmol\/l (82 \u00b1 4 pg\/ml) in the nondiabetic individuals (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Thus, in the presence of both \u03b2-cell and \u03b1-cell secretory stimuli (increased amino acid and glucose levels, a sulfonylurea) glucagon secretion was prevented when \u03b2-cell secretion was sufficient but not when \u03b2-cell secretion was deficient.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These data indicate that, among the array of signals, indirect reciprocal \u03b2-cell\u2013mediated signaling predominates over direct \u03b1-cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,4]],"date-time":"2009-09-04T02:03:08Z","timestamp":1252029788000},"page":"2275-2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["\u03b2-Cell\u2013Mediated Signaling Predominates Over Direct \u03b1-Cell Signaling in the Regulation of Glucagon Secretion in Humans"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Cooperberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Cryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031218134469200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050143","article-title":"A KATP channel-dependent pathway within \u03b1-cells regulates glucagon release from both rodent and human islets 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