{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:34:26Z","timestamp":1787967266859,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4190,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine how childhood overweight, in conjunction with other life course weight characteristics, relates to the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 109,172 women in the Nurses' Health Study II, body fatness at ages 5, 10, and 20 years was assessed by recall using 9-level pictorial diagrams (somatotypes) representing extreme thinness (category 1) to obesity (category 9). Recalled weights at age 18 years and adulthood were used to derive BMI. Self-reported cases of type 2 diabetes were confirmed by supplementary questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Somatotypes at ages 5 and 10 years were positively associated with diabetes risk (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.0001). The adjusted relative risk (RR) of women with somatotype \u22656 (vs. 2) at age 5 years was 2.19 (95% CI 1.79\u20132.67) and at age 10 years was 2.57 (2.20\u20133.01). Increases in size by somatotype or by weight gain since age 18 were associated with increased risk. Compared with women who were never overweight at any age, women who were overweight as an adult (BMI &amp;gt;25 kg\/m2) but not previously had an adjusted RR of 8.23 (7.41\u20139.15). The adjusted RR was 15.10 (13.21\u201317.26) for women who were also overweight at age 10 (somatotype \u22655) and 18 (BMI &amp;gt;25 kg\/m2). Increased childhood size was not associated with risk among women who did not continue to be overweight in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased body size starting from childhood is associated with a greater risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, women who become lean in adulthood do not have an increased risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]],"date-time":"2010-03-09T21:10:54Z","timestamp":1268169054000},"page":"1364-1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Childhood Size and Life Course Weight Characteristics in Association With the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Edwina H.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germaine M. Buck","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter C.","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031218575942200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2007.00337.x","article-title":"An overview of pediatric obesity","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2307\/4594149","article-title":"Relationship of childhood weight status to morbidity in adults","volume":"86","author":"Abraham","year":"1971","journal-title":"HSMHA Health Rep"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.660","article-title":"Childhood overweight status predicts diabetes at age 21 years: a follow-up study","volume":"17","author":"Al Mamun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-3-200008010-00008","article-title":"The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes","volume":"133","author":"Fors\u00e9n","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1639","article-title":"Childhood predictors of young-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Franks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0408-z","article-title":"The associations of birthweight, gestational age and childhood BMI with type 2 diabetes: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort","volume":"49","author":"Lawlor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035698","article-title":"Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood","volume":"350","author":"Bhargava","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1304","article-title":"Birth weight, body silhouette over the life course and incident diabetes in 91,453 middle-aged women from the French Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) Cohort","volume":"33","author":"de Lauzon-Guillain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B9","first-page":"115","article-title":"Use of the Danish adoption register for the study of obesity and thinness","volume-title":"The Genetics of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders","author":"Stunkard","year":"1983"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116777","article-title":"Remote recall of childhood height, weight, and body build by elderly subjects","volume":"138","author":"Must","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.142","article-title":"Race differences in accuracy of self-reported childhood body size among white and black women","volume":"12","author":"Field","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-06-0080","article-title":"Body shape throughout life and correlations with IGFs and GH","volume":"14","author":"Schernhammer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550130052036","article-title":"A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"278","author":"Solomon","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90664-B","article-title":"Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women","volume":"338","author":"Manson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.12.1039","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. National Diabetes Data Group","volume":"28","year":"1979","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183","article-title":"Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"20","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-1012-5","article-title":"Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of type 2 diabetes in adult life","volume":"46","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2004.00133.x","article-title":"Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health","volume":"5","author":"Lobstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/174182679600300503","article-title":"Association of body mass index, blood pressure and serum levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in childhood with the insulin sensitivity index in young adulthood: a 13-year follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Clausen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7324.1280","article-title":"Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: findings from thousand families cohort study","volume":"323","author":"Wright","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890802307709","article-title":"Childhood predictors of the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study","volume":"40","author":"Mattsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.x","article-title":"Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S164","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2329C","article-title":"Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report","volume":"120","author":"Barlow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022031218575942200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.378","article-title":"Obesity and the development of insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose in black and white adolescent girls: a longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/33\/6\/1364\/606811\/zdc00610001364.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/33\/6\/1364\/606811\/zdc00610001364.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T15:08:51Z","timestamp":1647097731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/33\/6\/1364\/27288\/Childhood-Size-and-Life-Course-Weight"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-0100","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]]}}}