{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:51:21Z","timestamp":1792101081663,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We prospectively examined the relationship between lung function and risk of type-2 diabetes and fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) events and investigated the hypothesis that inflammation may underlie these associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective study of 4,434 men aged 40\u201359 years with no history of cardiovascular disease (CHD or stroke) or diabetes drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and followed up for 20 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 680 major CHD events (276 fatal, 404 nonfatal) and 256 incident type 2 diabetes during the 20 years follow-up. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) but not FEV1-to-FVC ratio were significantly and inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes and fatal CHD events (not nonfatal events) after adjustment for age, potential confounders, and metabolic risk factors. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes (Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 4) were 1.59 (1.07\u20132.56) and 1.74 (1.16\u20132.61) for FVC and FEV1, respectively (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04 for trend). The corresponding RR for fatal CHD were 1.48 (1.00\u20132.21) and 1.81 (1.19\u20132.76) (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0003 for trend). Lung function was significantly and inversely associated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6; the inverse associations with type 2 diabetes for FVC and FEV1 were attenuated after further adjustment for these factors (P = 0.14 and P = 0.11 for trend) but remained significant for fatal CHD (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Restrictive rather than obstructive impairment of lung function is associated with incident type 2 diabetes (and fatal CHD) with both associations partially explained by traditional and metabolic risk factors and inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]],"date-time":"2010-06-03T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1275533958000},"page":"1990-1996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Lung Function and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Fatal and Nonfatal Major Coronary Heart Disease Events: Possible Associations With Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"S. Goya","family":"Wannamethee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College Medical School, London, U.K.;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Gerald","family":"Shaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College Medical School, London, U.K.;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Rumley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K.;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K.;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Whincup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College Medical School, London, U.K.;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon D.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K.;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031218203204900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg276","article-title":"Lung function and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"158","author":"Schroeder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.1952","article-title":"The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study and a systematic review of the literature","volume":"127","author":"Sin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2622","article-title":"Pulmonary function in diabetes: a meta-analysis","author":"van den Borst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1464","article-title":"Cross-sectional and prospective study of lung function in adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"31","author":"Yeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00652.x","article-title":"Risk of developing diabetes is inversely related to lung function: a population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2966","article-title":"Prospective association between lung function and the incidence of diabetes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study","volume":"27","author":"Ford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.6.1472","article-title":"Vital capacity as a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"28","author":"Yeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01138.x","article-title":"Lung function, insulin resistance and incidence of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"253","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000037220.00065.0D","article-title":"Lung function and cardiovascular risk: relationship with inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins","volume":"106","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01718.x","article-title":"Reduced lung function predicts increased fatality in future cardiac events: a population-based study","volume":"260","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.019588","article-title":"Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Gan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133277.88655.00","article-title":"Fatality of future coronary events is related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins: a population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"110","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000099","article-title":"Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) Study Group. Are markers of inflammation more strongly associated with risk for fatal than for nonfatal vascular events?","author":"Sattar","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6285.179","article-title":"British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns","volume":"283","author":"Shaper","year":"1981","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.74.3.324","article-title":"Factors determining case fatality in myocardial infarction \u201cwho dies in a heart attack.\u201d","volume":"74","author":"Wannamethee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.12.2913","article-title":"Hepatic enzymes, the metabolic syndrome and the risk of type 2 diabetes in older men","volume":"28","author":"Wannamethee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7255.199","article-title":"Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and update meta-analyses","volume":"321","author":"Danesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/2344580","article-title":"Linear and proportional regression models in the prediction of ventilatory function: with discussion","volume":"138","author":"Cole","year":"1975","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062432","article-title":"Breathlessness, lung function and the risk of heart attack","volume":"9","author":"Cook","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1183\/09041950.005s1693","article-title":"Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report working party standardization of lung function tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society","volume":"6","author":"Quanjer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi309","article-title":"Comparison of risk factors for the competing risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism","volume":"162","author":"Glynn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115128","article-title":"Pulmonary function as a predictor of coronary heart disease","volume":"129","author":"Marcus","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.760","article-title":"The association between metabolic syndrome and restrictive ventilatory dysfunction in older persons","volume":"62","author":"Fimognari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1310-6","article-title":"Associations of measures of lung function with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study","volume":"47","author":"Lawlor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031218203204900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.610352","article-title":"Characteristics and baseline clinical predictors of future fatal versus nonfatal coronary heart disease events in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"113","author":"Pearte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/33\/9\/1990\/607577\/zdc00910001990.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/33\/9\/1990\/607577\/zdc00910001990.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T19:21:40Z","timestamp":1647112900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/33\/9\/1990\/27076\/Lung-Function-and-Risk-of-Type-2-Diabetes-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-0324","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]}}}