{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T13:59:43Z","timestamp":1774792783084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3877,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ectopic lipid storage in muscle (intramyocellular lipids [IMCL]) and liver (hepatocellular lipids [HCL]) coexists with impaired myocellular flux through ATP synthase (fATPase) in certain cohorts with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Because women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) have elevated ectopic lipids and diabetes risk, we tested whether deteriorated energy metabolism contributes to these abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 23 glucose-tolerant nonobese pGDM and eight women with normal glucose metabolism during pregnancy with similar age, body mass, and physical activity underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance tests at 4\u20135 years after delivery. OGTT values &amp;lt;463 mL \u22c5 min\u22121 \u22c5 m\u22122 were considered to indicate insulin resistance. pGDM were further stratified into insulin-resistant (pGDM-IR) and insulin-sensitive (pGDM-IS) groups. IMCL, HCL, and fATPase were measured with 1H\/31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>pGDM had 36% higher fat mass and 12% lower insulin sensitivity. Log-transformed fATPase was lower in pGDM (10.6 \u00b1 3.8 \u00b5mol \u22c5 mL muscle\u22121 \u22c5 min\u22121 vs. 12.1 \u00b1 1.4 \u00b5mol \u22c5 mL muscle\u22121 \u22c5 min\u22121, P &amp;lt; 0.03) and related to plasma adiponectin after adjustment for body fat (r = 0.44, P &amp;lt; 0.04). IMCL were 61% and 69% higher in pGDM-IR (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. pGDM-IS) and insulin resistant women (P &amp;lt; 0.003 vs. insulin sensitive), respectively. HCL were doubled (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in pGDM and insulin resistant women, and correlated positively with body fat mass (r = 0.50, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (r = \u22120.46, P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glucose-tolerant pGDM show increased liver fat but only slightly lower muscular insulin sensitivity and ATP synthesis. This suggests that alteration of hepatic lipid storage represents an early and predominant abnormality in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T00:55:44Z","timestamp":1288140944000},"page":"430-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Body and Liver Fat Mass Rather Than Muscle Mitochondrial Function Determine Glucose Metabolism in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Prikoszovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Winzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albrecht Ingo","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl-Landsteiner Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Szendroedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl-Landsteiner Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research) and Department of Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Chmelik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl-Landsteiner Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pacini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kr\u0161\u0161\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewald","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Funahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Waldh\u00e4usl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky-Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Karl-Landsteiner Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research) and Department of Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031302151885700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e328321b3a8","article-title":"Ectopic lipids and organ function","volume":"20","author":"Szendroedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2022031302151885700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0033","article-title":"Adipose tissue-derived factors: impact on health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Trujillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr 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