{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:57:03Z","timestamp":1791161823857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3605,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine longitudinal changes in total and appendicular lean body mass in older men with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes and to determine whether these changes differ by diabetes treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3,752 ambulatory men aged \u226565 years at baseline participated in a multicenter longitudinal cohort study. Baseline glycemic status was categorized as normoglycemia, IFG, undiagnosed\/untreated diabetes, or treated diabetes. Insulin sensitizer medication use (metformin and\/or thiazolidinediones) was assessed by prescription medication inventory. The change in total lean and appendicular lean mass was derived from dual X-ray absorptiometry scans taken at baseline and 3.5 \u00b1 0.7 years later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This male cohort included 1,853 individuals with normoglycemia, 1,403 with IFG, 234 with untreated diabetes, 151 with diabetes treated with insulin sensitizers, and 111 with diabetes treated without insulin sensitizers. Men with untreated diabetes, diabetes treated without insulin sensitizers, or IFG had greater percentage loss in total or appendicular lean mass (P \u2264 0.05 in comparison to normoglycemic men). There remained a significantly greater percentage loss in appendicular lean mass for these groups even after adjustment for medical comorbidities or lifestyle factors. In contrast, the percentage loss in total or appendicular lean mass in men with diabetes treated with insulin sensitizers was significantly less than that in normoglycemic men in minimally and fully adjusted models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skeletal muscle loss was accelerated in men with IFG and diabetes, except when the latter was treated with insulin sensitizers. These findings suggest that insulin sensitizers may attenuate muscle loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,17]],"date-time":"2011-09-17T00:32:22Z","timestamp":1316219542000},"page":"2381-2386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Insulin Sensitizers May Attenuate Lean Mass Loss in Older Men With Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Christine G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Barrett-Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Miljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Everson-Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy Mannen","family":"Cawthon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa S.","family":"Strotmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031219594643400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.01.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults: current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences: International Working Group on Sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Fielding","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50217.x","article-title":"Leg muscle mass and composition in relation to lower extremity performance in men and women aged 70 to 79: the health, aging and body composition study","volume":"50","author":"Visser","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.3.324","article-title":"Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons","volume":"60","author":"Visser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0264","article-title":"Excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2537","article-title":"Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B6"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1296","article-title":"Full accounting of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the U.S. population in 1988\u20131994 and 2005\u20132006","volume":"32","author":"Cowie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2005.05.005","article-title":"Overview of recruitment for the osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS)","volume":"26","author":"Blank","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2005.05.006","article-title":"Design and baseline characteristics of the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study: a large observational study of the determinants of fracture in older men","volume":"26","author":"Orwoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90053-4","article-title":"The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Washburn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01719664","article-title":"Drug data coding and analysis in epidemiologic studies","volume":"10","author":"Pahor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00002","article-title":"Metabolic effects of troglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Maggs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.3.354","article-title":"Metformin normalizes nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM","volume":"41","author":"Wid\u00e9n","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00801.x","article-title":"Effects of metformin on peripheral insulin sensitivity and intracellular lipid contents in muscle and liver of overweight Japanese subjects","volume":"10","author":"Tamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.148","article-title":"Effects of troglitazone in young first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Levin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00255.2006","article-title":"Metformin increases the PGC-1alpha protein and oxidative enzyme activities possibly via AMPK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in vivo","volume":"101","author":"Suwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E145","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00755.2009","article-title":"PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity","volume":"299","author":"Lira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E688","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00101.2001","article-title":"Progressive increase in human skeletal muscle AMPKalpha2 activity and ACC phosphorylation during exercise","volume":"282","author":"Stephens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1256-9","article-title":"Pioglitazone stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle in vivo: a randomised trial","volume":"52","author":"Coletta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2074","article-title":"Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Musi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20405","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911570106","article-title":"Increased muscle PGC-1alpha expression protects from sarcopenia and metabolic disease during aging","volume":"106","author":"Wenz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031219594643400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.051","article-title":"AMPK and PPARdelta agonists are exercise mimetics","volume":"134","author":"Narkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/34\/11\/2381\/607739\/2381.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/34\/11\/2381\/607739\/2381.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T16:47:26Z","timestamp":1647103646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/34\/11\/2381\/28769\/Insulin-Sensitizers-May-Attenuate-Lean-Mass-Loss"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc11-1032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]}}}