{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T12:36:15Z","timestamp":1723034175084},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3459,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) mass and activity with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population with high prevalences of insulin resistance and diabetes, conditions for which epidemiological data remain sparse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a nested, case-control study (n = 1,008) within a population-based cohort of American Indians. Case subjects were defined by incidence of first-ever CVD up to 10 years later. Control subjects comprised participants free of CVD events during the follow-up period who were frequency matched to case subjects by age, sex, and diabetes status. LpPLA2 mass and activity were measured using commercially available assays.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LpPLA2 mass and activity were moderately correlated with each other (r = 0.30), but only LpPLA2 activity exhibited moderate correlations with lipid fractions. After extensive adjustment for covariates, both LpPLA2 measures were significantly associated with incident CVD, but the relationship was inverse for LpPLA2 mass (highest versus lowest tertile, relative risk [RR] 0.55 [95% CI 0.39\u20130.79]) and positive for LpPLA2 activity (highest versus lowest tertile, 1.65 [1.12\u20132.42]). These associations were similar when participants with and without diabetes were examined separately.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this population-based cohort enriched with dysmetabolic phenotypes, LpPLA2 mass and activity showed divergent associations with CVD. The inverse relationship for LpPLA2 mass is contrary to observations from predominantly nondiabetic populations and will require independent replication. Whether this finding relates to redistribution of LpPLA2 to lipoprotein classes where it is less atherogenic or reflects incomplete measurement of LpPLA2 mass associated with altered lipoprotein composition in insulin resistance warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T04:20:17Z","timestamp":1329366017000},"page":"840-847","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Population With High Prevalences of Obesity and Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jorge R.","family":"Kizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Umans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland"},{"name":"Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Devereux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Wolfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"diaDexus, Inc., San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara V.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland"},{"name":"Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031302302060800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03416.x","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Hansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e32832bcb22","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a biomarker of coronary heart disease and a therapeutic target","volume":"24","author":"Packard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.936393","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated and secreted phospholipases A2 in cardiovascular disease: roles as biological effectors and biomarkers","volume":"122","author":"Mallat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000160551.21962.a7","article-title":"Role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis: biology, epidemiology, and possible therapeutic target","volume":"25","author":"Zalewski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60319-4","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies","volume":"375","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0817","article-title":"Association of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and diabetes risk phenotypes: the Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"30","author":"Meigs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115757","article-title":"The Strong Heart Study. A study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians: design and methods","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Executive summary of the Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","volume":"285","author":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.2.333","article-title":"Identification of individuals with insulin resistance using routine clinical measurements","volume":"54","author":"Stern","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation","volume":"130","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.489260","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"112","author":"Best","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.144","article-title":"Relation of fibrinogen to cardiovascular events is independent of preclinical cardiovascular disease: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"145","author":"Palmieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01137.x","article-title":"Effects of glycaemic control on cardiovascular disease in diabetic American Indians: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00273-3","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in American Indians is low and not independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The Strong Heart Study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0730","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and incident coronary heart disease among men and women with type 2 diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Hatoum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1969-4","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and future risk of subclinical disease and cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"54","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.7.2393","article-title":"Lipoproteins alter the catalytic behavior of the platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in human plasma","volume":"86","author":"Stafforini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.02.015","article-title":"The role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis may depend on its lipoprotein carrier in plasma","volume":"1791","author":"Tellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)30167-X","article-title":"Altered distribution of platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase activity between LDL and HDL as a function of the severity of hypercholesterolemia","volume":"43","author":"Tsimihodimos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.058404","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity is a marker of small, dense LDL particles in human plasma","volume":"51","author":"Gazi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1496","article-title":"Lipids and lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Krauss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B23","author":"Constantinides","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D300021-JLR200","article-title":"Altered distribution of plasma PAF-AH between HDLs and other lipoproteins in hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus","volume":"44","author":"Kujiraoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(99)00072-4","article-title":"Role of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in the metabolism of oxidized phospholipids in plasma: studies with platelet-activating factor-acetyl hydrolase-deficient plasma","volume":"1439","author":"Subramanian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(96)00028-8","article-title":"Disparate effects of oxidation on plasma acyltransferase activities: inhibition of cholesterol esterification but stimulation of transesterification of oxidized phospholipids","volume":"1301","author":"Subbaiah","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02258.x","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and mass in relation to vascular disease and nonvascular mortality","volume":"268","author":"Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000280571.28102.d4","article-title":"New insights into the role of lipoprotein(a)-associated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.3.830","article-title":"LDL cholesterol as a strong predictor of coronary heart disease in diabetic individuals with insulin resistance and low LDL: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"20","author":"Howard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1365","article-title":"Using HbA(1c) to improve efficacy of the american diabetes association fasting plasma glucose criterion in screening for new type 2 diabetes in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000153090.21990.8c","article-title":"Adiponectin and coronary heart disease: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"25","author":"Lindsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004","volume":"295","author":"Ogden","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031302302060800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/840\/610949\/840.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/840\/610949\/840.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T06:44:36Z","timestamp":1647153876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/35\/4\/840\/38387\/Lipoprotein-Associated-Phospholipase-A2-Mass-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc11-1639","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]]}}}