{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:59:45Z","timestamp":1790787585773,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes is a major predictor of death from heart disease and stroke; its impact on nonvascular mortality, including specific cancers, is less understood. We examined the association of diabetes with cause-specific mortality, including deaths from specific cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort of 1,053,831 U.S. adults, without cancer at baseline, enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study-II in 1982 and was followed for mortality until December 2008. At baseline, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that included information on diabetes, smoking, physical activity, height, and weight. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 26 years of follow-up, 243,051 men and 222,109 women died. In multivariable models that controlled for age, BMI, and other variables, diabetes was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (women RR 1.90 [95% CI 1.87\u20131.93]; men 1.73 [1.70\u20131.75]). Among women, diabetes was associated with higher risk of death from cancers of the liver (1.40 [1.05\u20131.86]), pancreas (1.31 [1.14\u20131.51]), endometrium (1.33 [1.08\u20131.65]), colon (1.18 [1.04\u20131.33]), and breast (1.16 [1.03\u20131.29]). Among men, diabetes was associated with risk of death from cancers of the breast (4.20 [2.20\u20138.04]), liver (2.26 [1.89\u20132.70]), oral cavity and pharynx (1.44 [1.07\u20131.94]), pancreas (1.40 [1.23\u20131.59]), bladder (1.22 [1.01\u20131.47]), colon (1.15 [1.03\u20131.29]), and (inversely) prostate (0.88 [0.79\u20130.97]). Diabetes was also associated with higher risks of death involving the circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and external causes\/accidental deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes is associated with higher risk of death for many diseases, including several specific forms of cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T05:40:25Z","timestamp":1339738825000},"page":"1835-1844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["Diabetes and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of One Million U.S. Adults"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society National Home Office, Atlanta, 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