{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:54:57Z","timestamp":1783335297061,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3122,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In patients with type 1 diabetes, we investigated the association between arterial stiffness and diabetes complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study including 676 Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes (374 [55%] men, aged 54 \u00b1 13 years [mean \u00b1 SD]) and 51 nondiabetic controls (28 [55%] men, aged 47 \u00b1 13 years). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia) for 635 patients and all 51 controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PWVs (mean \u00b1 SD) in patients and controls were 10.4 \u00b1 3.4 and 7.6 \u00b1 1.9 m\/s, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, PWV correlated with age, diabetes duration, urinary albumin excretion rate, heart rate, and blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.05 for all). ANCOVA was used for comparisons between groups and adjusted for gender, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, heart rate, HbA1c, and 24-h mean arterial pressure. PWVs in normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric patients were 9.5 \u00b1 3.2, 11.0 \u00b1 3.6, and 11.4 \u00b1 3.0 m\/s, respectively (adjusted P &amp;lt; 0.001). PWV in patients with previous cardiovascular disease, versus patients without, was 12.1 \u00b1 3.5 vs. 10.0 \u00b1 3.2 m\/s, respectively (adjusted P &amp;lt; 0.001). PWVs in patients with high (\u2265140\/90 mmHg) versus intermediate (130\u201340\/80\u201389 mmHg) and low (&amp;lt;130\/80 mmHg) blood pressure were 11.8 \u00b1 3.6, 10.0 \u00b1 3.0, and 9.8 \u00b1 3.3 m\/s, respectively (adjusted P &amp;lt; 0.001). Furthermore, PWV increased with increasing degree of retinopathy: 8.0 \u00b1 2.5 m\/s (nil), 10.0 \u00b1 2.8 m\/s (simplex), 12.1 \u00b1 3.5 m\/s (proliferative), and 12.7 \u00b1 2.4 m\/s (blind), respectively (adjusted P &amp;lt; 0.001). Finally, PWV increased with abnormal heart rate variability: 11.5 \u00b1 3.3 m\/s vs. 10.1 \u00b1 3.1 m\/s (borderline) and 8.1 \u00b1 2.1 m\/s (normal) (adjusted P = 0.027).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Arterial stiffness increased with presence and duration of type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, PWV increased with all the investigated diabetes complications (cardiovascular, renal, retinal, and autonomic disease) independently of other risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T01:45:40Z","timestamp":1354153540000},"page":"715-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Arterial Stiffness Is Associated With Cardiovascular, Renal, Retinal, and Autonomic Disease in Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Theilade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Joergensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031302054211400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.579342","article-title":"Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population","volume":"113","author":"Willum-Hansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031302054211400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.555235","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"113","author":"Mattace-Raso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031302054211400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1236","article-title":"Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients","volume":"37","author":"Laurent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022031302054211400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000033824.02722.F7","article-title":"Aortic pulse-wave velocity and its relationship to mortality in diabetes and glucose intolerance: an integrated index of vascular function?","volume":"106","author":"Cruickshank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031302054211400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03633.x","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction independently and synergistically predict cardiovascular and renal outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Theilade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031302054211400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031302054211400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.3.485","article-title":"Assessment of arterial distensibility by automatic pulse wave velocity measurement. 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