{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:59:26Z","timestamp":1792623566110,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3059,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To study the association of depressive symptoms or antidepressant medicine (ADM) use with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor status in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial of weight loss in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants (n = 5,145; age [mean \u00b1 SD] 58.7 \u00b1 6.8 years; BMI 35.8 \u00b1 5.8 kg\/m2) in two study arms (intensive lifestyle [ILI], diabetes support and education [DSE]) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), reported ADM use, and were assessed for CVD risk factors at baseline and annually for 4 years. Risk factor\u2013positive status was defined as current smoking, obesity, HbA1c &amp;gt;7.0% or insulin use, and blood pressure or cholesterol not at levels recommended by expert consensus panel or medicine to achieve recommended levels. Generalized estimating equations assessed within-study arm relationships of elevated BDI score (\u226511) or ADM use with subsequent year CVD risk status, controlled for demographic variables, CVD history, diabetes duration, and prior CVD risk status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prior year elevated BDI was associated with subsequent CVD risk factor\u2013positive status for the DSE arm (A1C [odds ratio 1.30 (95% CI 1.09\u20131.56)]; total cholesterol [0.80 (0.65\u20131.00)]; i.e., protective from high total cholesterol) and the ILI arm (HDL [1.40 (1.12\u20131.75)], triglyceride [1.28 (1.00\u20131.64)]). Prior year ADM use predicted subsequent elevated CVD risk status for the DSE arm (HDL [1.24 (1.03\u20131.50)], total cholesterol [1.28 (1.05\u20131.57)], current smoking [1.73 (1.04\u20132.88)]) and for the ILI arm (A1C [1.25 (1.08\u20131.46)], HDL [1.32 (1.11\u20131.58)], triglycerides [1.75 (1.43\u20132.14)], systolic blood pressure [1.39 (1.11\u20131.74)], and obesity [1.46 (1.22\u20132.18)]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aggressive monitoring of CVD risk in diabetic patients with depressive symptoms or who are treated with ADM may be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T11:11:32Z","timestamp":1359457892000},"page":"1088-1094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Four-Year Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Depression Symptoms, and Antidepressant Medicine Use in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial of Weight Loss in Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Peyrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Gaussoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Espeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Obesity and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy F.","family":"Faulconbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Wadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Safford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Evans-Hudnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston VA Health Services Research & Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena R.","family":"Wing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Knowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Look AHEAD Research 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